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This study found that the sebum partition coefficient (K(sebum)) for some drugs differs from the stratum corneum partition coefficient (K(sc)), indicating its importance for targeted drug delivery into hair and sebaceous follicles.

This study found that porcine skin serves as a reliable model for studying drug absorption into human hair follicles, showing a strong correlation in follicular drug absorption between porcine and human skin.

This study found that the uptake of molecules by hair is influenced by both hydrophobic and ionic charge interactions, with binding affinity decreasing as pH approaches the solute's dissociation constant.

This study extended a skin diffusion model to include a porous pathway, effectively explaining the permeability of both polar and lipophilic solutes through the stratum corneum.

This review compares animal and human skin characteristics in in vitro permeation studies but reports no new results, highlighting variations and the need for better model correlations.

This study found that the contribution of the hair follicle pathway to skin permeation of chemicals can be predicted using lipophilicity, with hydrophilic chemicals showing greater permeation reduction from hair follicle plugging than lipophilic ones.

In this study, the authors found that applying hypobaric pressure to the skin significantly increases the transdermal permeation of large molecules by enhancing diffusion, despite the associated skin stretching and hair follicle enlargement not fully explaining this effect.

This study presented a new two-dimensional model that successfully predicts transdermal permeation of caffeine, highlighting the significant role of the follicular pathway in increasing systemic bioavailability.

This review summarizes the enhanced absorption and bioavailability of phytosome delivery systems, which combine herbal extracts with phospholipids to improve therapeutic potential, and provides an updated overview of their development, commercial availability, and patented technologies.

This study examines the use of emulgel-based systems as drug delivery vehicles for hydrophobic medications, noting their potential benefits in dermatological applications due to properties like easy spreadability, non-greasy texture, and prolonged shelf life.

This study optimized and validated a dissolution test method for immediate-release finasteride capsules, highlighting the need for an official standard due to variability in commercial products.

This review highlights the promising potential of microemulsions and nanoemulsions in (trans)dermal drug delivery, noting a gap in understanding their distinct mechanisms and composition-related effects on skin permeability, while emphasizing the limited clarity on mesostructures and cosolvent impacts.

This study explored the in vitro skin penetration of two compounds from Tectona grandis leaf extract used for standardization and found that compound 1 penetrates more efficiently than compound 2, especially with a propylene glycol enhancer.

This study presents a method for directly measuring the solubility of solid chemicals in the skin's stratum corneum under various humidity conditions, emphasizing its importance for dermal drug delivery and chemical safety assessments.

This study concluded that sebaceous glands are the main pathway for the antiandrogen RU 58841 to permeate the skin, with liposomes enhancing localization in these glands.

This study found that co-applying Curcuma aeruginosa extract or essential oil with minoxidil significantly increased minoxidil's skin penetration in an ex vivo setting, suggesting an improved topical treatment strategy for androgenic alopecia with greater efficacy and the potential for lower minoxidil doses.

Invasomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin and have potential for improved treatments.

In this in silico study, researchers found that the hair follicle's contribution to dermal permeability of small molecules varies with the lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of substances, highlighting the need for careful characterization of substances filling the follicular route when interpreting experimental permeability data.

This article discusses how drug molecules integrate into hair fibers, focusing on biological transport mechanisms and physicochemical factors, but reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that an optimized microemulsion for minoxidil with high solubility, permeation flux, and skin deposition can be achieved with specific low and high levels of certain surfactants and co-solvents.

This study found that pregnane derivatives with higher lipophilicity, like compound 9d, had stronger androgen receptor binding and greater antiandrogenic effects in rats, correlating relative binding affinity with log P values.

This review discusses recent advances in skin penetration mechanisms, specifically focusing on the enhanced understanding of the follicular pathway and its implications for transdermal therapies, immune system targeting, and nanoparticle safety.

This study found that liposomal formulations improved minoxidil delivery to skin layers compared to niosomes and a control solution, suggesting enhanced potential for topical hair loss treatment.

This study found that ion-paired solutions significantly improved the skin penetration of risedronate in hairless mice compared to risedronate alone.

This study developed and validated a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method to determine finasteride stability, finding that the drug degrades under acidic, basic, and oxidative stress conditions.

In this study, researchers developed a microfluidics-based method for creating uniform, size-controlled stem cell spheroids that enhance osteogenic differentiation when encapsulated in alginate-RGD microgels.

This review explores the use of skin penetration enhancers like Transcutol® in various formulation systems, discussing their mechanisms and effectiveness in improving transdermal drug delivery without breaching the skin.

This study found that polymeric nanoparticles retained more minoxidil and facilitated superior drug permeation compared to lipid nanoparticles, although premature drug release affected formulation performance.

This study found that compound 3, a tetrahydropyridoindole carboxymethylated at position 5, significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in both rat eye lenses and tissues affected by diabetes, indicating its potential as a lead compound for ALR2 inhibition.