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The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Hormones like androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormones, and stress hormones can contribute to hair loss, and treatments target these hormonal imbalances.

Women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher risk for heart and metabolic problems.

11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is changed into different substances by certain enzymes and may play a role in prostate cancer.

Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance and obesity, especially those with the most severe type I PCOS.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in teenagers can help prevent more severe adult PCOS.

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

Some parents have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia without symptoms, and they usually don't need treatment.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Acne is caused by genetics, diet, hormones, and bacteria, with treatments not yet curative.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

Adult acne is often related to hormonal disorders, especially in women, and may need long-term treatment involving specialists.

Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, is often caused by PCOS and can be managed with medication and personalized treatment plans.

Women with excessive male-pattern hair growth should get a full hormone check-up to find and treat any underlying issues, considering both medical and emotional aspects.

A genetic marker linked to a type of hair loss was found in most patients studied.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

Adrenal disorders can cause lasting brain and behavior issues in children.

Hormonal therapies are safe and effective for treating acne in female adolescents, with specific treatments for those with endocrine disorders.

Some women with PCOS have rare genetic variants linked to the condition.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Male pattern baldness is mostly inherited, involves many genes, and is linked to other traits like early puberty and strong bones.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Many adults in Porto have acne, but few know or treat it.

Some ovarian tumors can cause masculinization, and it's important to check for various causes when this symptom is present.

Two rare genetic diseases cause severe rickets in children due to defects in vitamin D metabolism.

The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.