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Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.

Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Antibiotics can reduce acne but may lead to resistant bacteria, and understanding the skin's bacteria is important for treatment.

TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.

No single treatment is consistently effective for alopecia areata, and more research is needed.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Hair loss linked to higher heart disease risk in both men and women.

Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.

Hair elemental analysis could be useful for health and exposure assessment but requires more standardization and research.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

PCOS starts in adolescence with hormonal issues, leading to adult health problems, and early treatment is crucial.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

Spironolactone effectively reduces hair growth in women with hirsutism and is generally well-tolerated.

Fat cells are important for healthy skin, hair growth, and healing, and changes in these cells can affect skin conditions and aging.

The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome are much more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is linked to higher risk of hypertension and heart disease.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

Wnt signaling may be linked to heart diseases in aging and could be a target for future treatments.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.

TGFβ's manipulation of inflammation and immune cells affects cancer spread, suggesting new treatment strategies and biomarkers.

DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.