May 2004 in “Annals of Plastic Surgery” Muscle-only free flaps for skull coverage have more long-term complications than composite flaps.
441 citations
,
June 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
306 citations
,
August 2011 in “Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle” Enobosarm significantly increased muscle mass and improved physical function in elderly men and postmenopausal women without serious side effects.
211 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging” MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
52 citations
,
March 1979 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Minoxidil can cause heart muscle damage in dogs.
48 citations
,
June 1988 in “PubMed” Minoxidil sulfate relaxes muscle by increasing potassium flow, making it a unique muscle relaxer.
42 citations
,
August 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
11 citations
,
April 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.
10 citations
,
December 2008 in “Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease” Finasteride can cause muscle pain and high creatine kinase levels, but stopping the medication may resolve symptoms.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “Curēus” Valproic acid can cause muscle damage and liver issues, which improve after stopping the drug.
2 citations
,
June 2022 in “대한스포츠의학회지” Anabolic steroids boost muscle growth, SARMs increase muscle mass and bone density without side effects, and myostatin inhibitors block a protein that stops muscle growth, but each has potential risks.
December 2023 Dianabol boosts muscle growth but has serious health risks and legal issues.
January 2019 in “운동과학” Resistance exercise helps improve muscle protein balance disrupted by finasteride.
September 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
July 2017 in “Reactions Weekly” Finasteride may cause serious muscle-related side effects.
42 citations
,
May 2013 in “Oral Diseases” Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness without a cure, but exercise and managing symptoms may help patients live a normal lifespan.
34 citations
,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
3 citations
,
January 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” A man developed a serious muscle breakdown condition after using a hair loss medication not known to cause this side effect.
3 citations
,
May 2014 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Low-dose finasteride may cause muscle weakness and eye issues, but stopping the drug can lead to recovery.
2 citations
,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
1 citations
,
June 2015 in “Journal of anatomy” A compound named ZCZ90 can increase muscle spindle firing, potentially helping treat muscle spasms and hypertension.
November 2015 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair restoration surgery can cause muscle and joint problems due to poor workplace setup.
May 2015 in “Endocrinología y nutrición” The conclusion is that adult males with muscle weakness and hormonal imbalances should be tested for Kennedy's disease.
162 citations
,
April 2017 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
36 citations
,
December 2009 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.
21 citations
,
April 2011 in “Physiological Research” Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.
16 citations
,
March 2005 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A boy with Sjogren-Larsson syndrome has skin and muscle symptoms due to a specific enzyme deficiency.
15 citations
,
August 2016 in “Current Urology Reports” Nandrolone and oxandrolone could help treat male health issues like muscle loss and low testosterone.
5 citations
,
December 2022 in “Toxins” Neurotoxins can affect neurotransmitter release and have potential in treating muscle, pain, and cancer conditions, but more research is needed on how they work.