Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Review of the Association and the Application of Personalized Medicine

    February 2023 in “ Journal of Personalized Medicine ”
    Mihaela Simona Popoviciu, Nirja Kaka, Yashendra Sethi, Neil Patel, Hitesh Chopra, Simona Cavalu
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    TLDR Type 1 diabetes often occurs with other autoimmune diseases, and personalized treatment based on genetics can improve outcomes.
    The review discusses the association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and various autoimmune diseases, including thyroid disorders, Addison's disease, celiac disease, autoimmune gastritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic urticaria, alopecia areata, psoriasis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. It highlights that T1DM often coexists with these conditions due to shared genetic and environmental factors, complicating its management. The review emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and personalized treatment, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. Personalized medicine, which tailors treatment based on an individual's genetic makeup, is seen as the future of healthcare delivery. The review also suggests regular antibody screening, especially in regions where autoimmune diseases are prevalent. The document also mentions the potential utility of ancestry-specific genetic risk scores in assessing T1DM risk.
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