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This study suggests that young women with low prolactin levels may face higher cardiometabolic risk, and reducing cabergoline dosage reversed related metabolic disturbances.

In this study, metformin was found to reduce prolactin levels in men with hyperprolactinemia and normal hair growth but not in those with androgenic alopecia, suggesting that androgen excess may interfere with metformin's effects on prolactin.

This case report describes a unique instance where elevated prolactin levels from a pituitary adenoma were associated with hirsutism due to increased dihydrotestosterone, with treatment leading to normalization.

This chapter discusses common endocrine disorders affecting the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, and their impact on human fertility, emphasizing practical evaluation and treatment algorithms.

Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.

There is no abstract available for this article on the effects of percutaneous oestradiol implants on the skeletons of postmenopausal women, and thus no new findings are reported.

This study identifies substance P, TNFα, and IFNγ as novel regulators of prolactin and its receptor expression in human skin, suggesting intracutaneous prolactin is not controlled by dopamine.

This article discusses the potential of using human hair follicles as a model to study prolactin's regulation and activities but reports no new experimental findings; the authors suggest further research in this area.

This review discusses the possible impacts of prolactin on skin conditions like psoriasis, alopecia, and stress-related dermatoses, emphasizing the need for further research to explore its therapeutic potential.

In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.

This study concluded that an endogenous circannual rhythm of prolactin secretion in mouflon influences their seasonal hair growth and moulting cycle, which varies under different photoperiodic and melatonin treatments.

This study found that progesterone can increase glycine release in rat brainstem neurons through its conversion to allopregnanolone, which modulates presynaptic GABA receptor activity.

This study found that inhibiting prolactin secretion during the telogen phase can reduce the number of activated secondary hair follicles and the width of hair bulbs.

In this study, researchers found that disrupting the PRL gene in mice led to earlier hair molting, especially in females, suggesting that PRL inhibits murine hair cycle events.

This study found that disrupting the PRL gene in mice alters the timing of hair cycling events, causing earlier molts and changes in hair characteristics, particularly affecting female mice more significantly.

This study conducted in fertility clinics in Abbottabad found that hyperprolactinemia is the most prevalent cause of secondary amenorrhea, affecting 31.7% of cases, followed by drug-induced amenorrhea in 14.3% of patients, with oral contraceptives and omeprazole as common factors.

This review discusses definitions of polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new clinical results; the authors support using modified 1990 NIH criteria and acknowledge ongoing evolution as research advances.

This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

This review discusses the epidemiology, causes, diagnosis, and management of hirsutism in women, noting that effective treatment requires addressing the root cause as well as the hair growth.

This study determined that nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia has a 2.2% prevalence among hyperandrogenic women in Spain, with basal serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone showing excellent diagnostic performance.

This article discusses the importance of recognizing and distinguishing polycystic ovary syndrome from similar endocrine disorders, and reports no new clinical results.

This article states that hormone therapy with estrogens and antiandrogens for transgender females is within an obstetrician-gynecologist's practice scope and involves careful dosing and monitoring to manage short-term thrombotic risks.

This review discusses cross-sex hormone therapy for managing gender dysphoria in transsexual individuals and reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for education and culturally sensitive training for healthcare professionals.

This article reviews the clinical presentation, contributing factors, and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome but provides no original research findings.

This article reviews the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome but reports no new clinical findings; it highlights associated health risks and recommended treatments.

This review highlights that while lifestyle changes may help with many ovulatory disorders, oocyte donation is considered a viable option for patients who cannot undergo ovulation induction; it reports no new results.

In this study, the ChatGPT-5 model accurately answered 76.47% of questions on the Polish endocrinology specialty exam, surpassing the 60% passing threshold, yet its role in clinical decision-making remains uncertain, highlighting the need for further research.

Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.

This review discusses polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on its primary features of ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, and reports no new findings.