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This study found that applying controlled hypobaric stress to the skin significantly improved the in vitro and in vivo penetration of macromolecules, facilitating enhanced drug delivery.

This chapter reviews the hair follicle's role in drug and chemical penetration through the skin but does not present new experimental findings.

This study found that fractional laser treatment significantly enhances the penetration and targeting of certain permeants, such as imiquimod and FD, to skin follicles, but not hydroquinone.

This review highlights that the combination of ultrasound and microneedles can enhance transdermal drug delivery by using physical and energy-driven mechanisms to improve drug penetration into deeper skin layers, with implications for precision medicine and chronic disease treatments.

This study found that using a combination of iontophoresis and liposomal delivery facilitated the effective intradermal administration of superoxide dismutase in rats, reducing oxidative skin damage from UV exposure.

This review discusses iontophoresis, low-frequency ultrasound, and microneedles for enhancing topical drug delivery in dermatological treatments and reports no clinical results; it emphasizes their mechanisms and potential uses.

In this study, the authors found that applying hypobaric pressure to the skin significantly increases the transdermal permeation of large molecules by enhancing diffusion, despite the associated skin stretching and hair follicle enlargement not fully explaining this effect.

In this study, researchers evaluated the binding of keratin-associated proteins and α-keratins to human hair fibers, finding that chemical preactivation significantly enhanced binding to natural hair, while perming altered binding characteristics and increased penetration depth.

This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.

This study found that nanoparticles did not permeate intact rat skin but could penetrate skin that had been artificially punctured, primarily through grooves or hair follicles.

This study found that IMT-P8, a novel cell-penetrating peptide, effectively facilitated the dermal delivery of proteins and peptides in mouse skin and cell lines, suggesting potential for topical applications in cosmetics and skin diseases.

This study confirmed that the novel solid lipid microparticle formulation of adapalene demonstrated follicular penetration potential and targeted particle erosion in sebum in in vitro tests.

In this study, oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 was more efficiently absorbed through the skin and enhanced wound healing and hair growth in mice, compared to prokaryotically-expressed rhFGF-10.

Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.

This study found that increasing a drug's lipophilicity and adding ethanol to the donor phase can enhance its delivery to the hair follicle, although the precise transport mechanism remains unclear.

This study found that micro-needling with cosmeceuticals or platelet-rich plasma significantly improved wrinkles, skin laxity, scar softening, and hair growth over 12 months, with minimal side effects, and that the best results occur with pigment and platelet massaging between 5 to 30 minutes post-treatment.

This study found that low-frequency sonophoresis significantly decreased the skin penetration of sodium fluorescein-loaded PEGylated liposomes with D-limonene and affected percutaneous absorption by partially plugging hair follicle orifices.

This research reports that multilamellar phospholipid liposomes showed the highest follicular penetration of a water-soluble dye in vitro compared to other cosmetic vehicles, suggesting potential benefits for enhancing hair conditioning and treating hair loss.

This review outlines the development, applications, and challenges of microneedle-based drug delivery from 2000-2019, particularly highlighting fabrication techniques, but reports no new clinical results.

This study reviews recent advancements in microneedles made from PLGA, highlighting their use in delivering vaccines, drugs, and proteins through the skin with minimal invasiveness, and discusses the challenges and future potential of these delivery systems.

In this study, applying deer antler velvet extract-loaded niosomes and microspicules serum to the scalp significantly improved hair growth, melanin content, and skin hydration over 14 to 30 days without causing skin irritation.

This study reports that novel core-ABS nanocarriers efficiently loaded with dexamethasone and finasteride show potential for dermal drug delivery, exhibiting non-toxic interactions with human keratinocyte cells and skin penetration.

This review highlights how advanced nanocarrier and microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery strategies can potentially improve the treatment of skin diseases by enhancing site-specific drug delivery, increasing skin penetration, and reducing systemic toxicity compared to conventional methods.

This study found that nano-sized minoxidil formulations significantly increased skin penetration and follicular drug delivery for alopecia areata treatment, compared to conventional ethanol-based solutions, and demonstrated effective controlled release over six hours.

Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.

Invasomes effectively deliver drugs through the skin and have potential for improved treatments.

This review highlights the potential of microneedles as a low-cost, well-tolerated method for transdermal drug delivery in dermatology, though further research is needed to establish their clinical efficacy.

This review found that anti-aging peptides show promise in cosmeceuticals due to their targeted actions to rejuvenate skin, but challenges like peptide stability, penetration, and limited clinical data limit their current effectiveness.

This review explores the application of nanotechnology in cosmetics, highlighting its role in enhancing skin penetration, sustaining drug action, and protecting against UV radiation, while also addressing regulatory considerations and potential exposure routes.

This study found that surface modified nanoparticles showed increased skin permeation and improvement in allergic contact dermatitis, independent of the follicular pathway.