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In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.

Targeting MIG and MCP-1 may help treat inflammation in alopecia areata.

This review investigates how various intrinsic factors—such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and interferons—regulate hair growth through evidence gathered from in vitro and in vivo studies, highlighting the need for further research in human subjects to validate these findings.

This review identifies shared interferon gamma-driven immune pathways in vitiligo and alopecia areata, revealing potential targets for new treatments, but reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of immune privilege collapse in hair follicles but reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of melasma, including genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors, and highlights potential avenues for new treatments and preventive strategies, but reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that cytoplasmic nucleic acids significantly increase the expression of certain chemokines in human keratinocytes through NF-κB activation, though the specific receptors involved remain unidentified.

In this clinical trial, patients with lichen planopilaris treated with the oral TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib showed significant improvement in PGA, LPPAI, and Skindex-16 scores over 24 weeks, with transcriptomic analyses indicating decreased inflammatory and immune pathway activity post-treatment.

This study demonstrated the expression of type 1 interferon-related proteins in inflammatory lesions of alopecia areata, showing a distinct distribution pattern compared to cicatricial alopecia.

This study identified chemokine receptor ligands cxcl10 and cxcl11 as new hair-specific transcriptional targets of the Eda pathway, suggesting chemokine signaling plays a role in primary hair follicle patterning.

This review discusses the involvement of type I interferons in skin autoimmune and inflammatory diseases but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses strategies to enhance mesenchymal stem cell therapy effectiveness but reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for improved consistency and efficacy in MSC-based treatments.

This review discusses the roles of interferon-γ and PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in scarring alopecia, suggesting these pathways as potential therapeutic targets, but it reports no new empirical results.

The researchers reported that hair follicle development and commensal microbe colonization promote the accumulation of regulatory T cells in neonatal skin, with the Ccl20-Ccr6 pathway playing a key role in this process.

This study reviewed recent theories on alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting its autoimmune nature due to immune privilege disruption in hair follicles, and noted current treatments have limited efficacy with high relapse rates, underscoring the need for further research into its mechanisms for better therapies.

This study discusses the epithelial-immune microenvironment in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and highlights current and future treatment strategies targeting inflammatory loops within these diseases.

This chapter reviews recent developments in vitiligo research, highlighting the role of melanocyte stem cell differentiation and oxidative stress in its management, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding alopecia areata's disease mechanisms and highlights JAK molecules as promising therapeutic targets, but reports no new clinical results; controlled trials are needed.

In this study, researchers found that CD4 T cells from the skin draining lymph nodes of mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, highlighting the key role of these cells and their interaction with CD8 T cells in the disease's development.

This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors as a promising treatment strategy for alopecia areata, highlighting their mechanism and recent FDA approval based on clinical trial efficacy.

In this study, type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in both hair follicles and skin tissues affected by chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study found that type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 pathways were significantly up-regulated in hair follicle and skin samples with chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This study found that CD2 could be a potential new therapeutic target for treating patchy-type alopecia areata, suggesting the need for further research into its role.

This review discusses the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights emerging immunomodulatory strategies and novel therapeutic targets aimed at offering more effective and durable treatments for this autoimmune hair loss disorder.

This study conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data from alopecia areata patients, identifying 5109 differentially expressed genes and highlighting enriched pathways like JAK-STAT signaling, providing insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.

This review discusses the immune roles of keratinocytes in wound healing and chronic wound inflammation, emphasizing their potential impact on chronic wound pathology and highlighting areas for future research.

This study suggests that Notch1 acts as a key signal in skin epithelium, promoting immune cell recruitment and aiding in normal skin repair after damage.

In this study, researchers using single nuclei RNA-sequencing found that fibroblasts in deeper layers of mouse skin expressed higher levels of pro-inflammatory genes post-wounding compared to other cells, highlighting their significant role in early inflammation and tissue repair processes.