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Women with PCOS face higher risks of diabetes and heart disease, and these risks increase with obesity.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Most women with PCOS have high levels of male hormones, and free testosterone is the best marker for this.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

South Asian women with PCOS are more likely to have metabolic issues and central obesity, and simple measures like waist size and blood pressure can help identify these risks early.

Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.

Prolactin affects hair growth and skin conditions, and could be a target for new skin disease treatments.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Lower SHBG levels may increase the risk of PCOS.

Targeted cancer therapies often cause skin reactions, so dermatologists must manage these effects.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Women with PCOS have higher androgen levels that decrease with age but are still higher than in women without PCOS.

Some drugs can cause hair loss, and stopping these drugs often leads to hair regrowth.

Some dermatological medications can impair male fertility, so consult a doctor before trying to conceive.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

The document concludes with guidance for doctors on diagnosing and treating hirsutism effectively and safely.

Melatonin improved mental health and metabolism in women with PCOS.

The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Natural molecules like inositols, resveratrol, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids may help manage Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), but their effects vary and need more exploration.

Herbal nano-formulations show potential for effective skin delivery but need more research.

The review found no clear link between vitamin D receptor gene variations and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Brazilian women with PCOS and both menstrual irregularity and high male hormone levels have a higher chance of having metabolic syndrome.

New treatments for PCOS focus on insulin resistance and reducing testosterone levels, along with traditional hormone therapies.

Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.