April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that NIMP-R14-conjugated nanoparticles, loaded with roflumilast, effectively targeted neutrophils to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis, suggesting potential for targeted therapy in autoimmune skin diseases.
39 citations
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June 2023 in “Advanced Materials” This review discusses the unique advantages and challenges of microneedle arrays for vaccine and immunotherapy delivery but reports no new clinical results.
17 citations
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May 2023 in “Pharmaceutics” This review highlights the potential of microneedles for immunotherapy, emphasizing their ability to enhance immune responses and reduce side effects through precise and stimuli-responsive delivery, especially in tumor treatment, while also noting the limitations and areas for improvement in current systems.
September 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that dissolving microneedle array patches containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles can deliver antigen-loaded nanoparticles into mice effectively, inducing strong immune responses similar to traditional subcutaneous injection.
119 citations
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December 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, transcutaneously applied nanoparticles and viral vectors were shown to penetrate murine hair follicles, internalize in antigen-presenting cells, and induce immune responses, suggesting a promising approach for vaccine delivery.
2 citations
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September 2025 in “Antioxidants” This review highlights that nano-antioxidants show promise as a treatment strategy for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, like autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions, due to their improved stability and targeted delivery, but notes that further research is necessary to optimize their use and assess long-term safety.
13 citations
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March 2023 in “Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine”
2 citations
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April 2024 in “Advanced Materials” This study tested a hydrogel microneedle patch delivering T reg attractants in mice with alopecia, finding it boosted regulatory T cell numbers at the site, leading to hair regrowth without causing peripheral immunosuppression, suggesting a potential new approach for autoimmune skin disease treatment.
10 citations
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December 2023 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This study reviewed the challenges of delivering nucleic acids for gene therapy, highlighting the limitations of non-viral vehicles and exploring bioinspired strategies using cell membrane camouflage for improved delivery efficacy.
December 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study reported that an injectable hydrogel microparticle vaccine platform enhanced antibody responses and protection against influenza in mice, outperforming the traditional adjuvant aluminum hydroxide.
January 2025 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” In this study, a nanoparticle system codelivering diphenylcyclopropenone and rapamycin successfully induced immune tolerance and promoted hair regrowth in a mouse model of alopecia areata, offering a promising new therapeutic strategy for this autoimmune condition.
323 citations
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April 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that 40 nm nanoparticles can effectively penetrate into hair follicles and epidermal Langerhans cells in human skin samples, potentially enabling efficient transcutaneous vaccine delivery.
38 citations
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March 2015 in “Journal of controlled release” This study found that transfollicular delivery using surfactant-based nanoparticles significantly enhanced antigen stability and immune response compared to other delivery methods, especially when combined with an adjuvant.
January 2024 in “Wiadomości Lekarskie” This study outlines new strategies for overcoming "cold" tumors, which are typically unresponsive to cancer immunotherapy, with approaches like dendritic cell-based treatments and local immune microenvironment modification, bolstered by both preclinical and clinical trial data.
4 citations
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January 2022 in “Yonsei Medical Journal” This article discusses the potential of novel microneedle transdermal systems for enhanced drug and vaccine delivery through the skin, but reports no clinical results and emphasizes ongoing trials.
18 citations
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January 2021 in “Theranostics” This study found that actively targeted AN2728-loaded nanocarriers reduced inflammation and improved skin condition in a mouse model of psoriasiform inflammation compared to free drug and non-targeted nanoparticles.
16 citations
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January 2025 in “Burns & Trauma” This review highlights the promising potential of using nanomedicine-based immunotherapy in tissue regeneration, detailing recent advances in nanocomposite biomaterials and the modulation of immune responses to create optimal environments for tissue repair.
76 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering” This review summarizes recent progress in microneedle-based drug delivery systems and discusses their potential impact on cellular mechanisms and immunization signaling pathways, highlighting the need for further development in fabrication methods.
3 citations
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September 2023 in “Advanced science” Researchers demonstrated that a new vaccine platform using antigen-loaded hydrogels enhanced humoral immune responses in mice, producing stronger antigen-specific antibody levels compared to the conventional adjuvant Alum, and offering promising protective capabilities against influenza virus.
April 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study introduced hydrogel microneedles loaded with palladium nanoparticles, which utilize the inherent cytotoxicity of polyethyleneimine to enhance the effectiveness of doxorubicin in treating melanoma, achieving a tumor inhibition rate of up to 98% in a murine model.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that multicomponent microarray patches for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination produced stronger immune responses and fewer side effects in mice compared to traditional intramuscular injection.
October 2025 in “Transactions on Materials Biotechnology and Life Sciences” This study reviews the mechanisms and recent findings of immunotherapies for NSCLC, highlighting their potential to improve treatment outcomes and reduce side effects compared to traditional therapies.
12 citations
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April 2023 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” This study demonstrated that a microarray patch can deliver antibodies in a controlled and prolonged manner, maintaining their functionality after manufacturing and heat exposure, with successful pharmacokinetic proof-of-concept in rats.
80 citations
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June 2012 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” This study observed that smaller polymeric submicron particles provided more efficient selective drug delivery to inflamed skin in a mouse model, enhancing therapeutic effects while reducing systemic adverse effects.
28 citations
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January 2005 in “PubMed” This review discusses the use, mechanism, and side effects of topical immunomodulators in treating immune-mediated skin disorders and reports no new clinical results, urging further research on experimental agents.
9 citations
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April 2024 in “Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews” 117 citations
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September 2003 in “Molecular & cellular proteomics” This study demonstrated the development of high-density protein microarrays allowing for antibody binding characterization and serum profiling from patients with autoimmune diseases, suggesting potential for diagnostic marker discovery.
October 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” Targeted immunotherapy could be a promising new treatment for hair regrowth.
December 2025 in “Journal of Composites and Compounds” In this review, researchers explored the design of composite biomaterials for immunomodulation and their potential to influence immune cell behavior, which could be leveraged for treating diseases like cancer and improving tissue regeneration, while also addressing translational challenges such as biocompatibility and safety.
December 2013 in “Pump Industry Analyst” This study found that using particle-based antigen delivery in combination with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping is an effective needle-free method for targeting HIV-1 p24 protein to skin cells, enhancing transcutaneous vaccination potential.