Immunotherapy of Cancer: Immune Checkpoint Blockers, Vaccines and Adoptive T Cell Therapies

The document discusses strategies to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy, particularly for "cold" tumors that lack cytotoxic T cell (CTL) infiltration and are nonresponsive to treatments. The authors propose three strategies: using dendritic cells (DC) as live vaccines or adjuvants, inducing multi-epitope-specific CTLs, and reprogramming tumor microenvironments (TME) with adjuvants to enhance immune cell infiltration. These approaches aim to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibition, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines in treating solid tumors. The document also mentions preclinical data and results from recent clinical trials.