September 2018 in “Cosmetics” This study found that anisotropic osmolyte solutions may improve hair follicle turnover and condition in both in vitro and in silico models, as well as in human volunteers with hair disorders.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study observed that a 3D culture model of hair follicle cells showed an anagen-like phase between days 3 to 6 and transitioned to a catagen-like phase by day 7, highlighting cell differentiation and structural development over time.
62 citations
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February 2016 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” This study found that 3D microtissue models of dermal papilla cells can enhance the ability to induce hair-follicle neogenesis in vivo, offering potential for controlled cell production in follicle regeneration.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Bioprinting” This study constructed a 3D-printed scaffold using sodium alginate, gelatin, and alginate lyase hydrogel, which supports hair follicle regeneration in artificial skin, suggesting a promising strategy for tissue-engineered skin with functional appendages.
83 citations
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January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells” This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.
2 citations
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January 2020 in “Methods in molecular biology” This study describes a protocol for generating hair follicle germ-like organoids from human skin cells, which may aid in alopecia drug discovery and understanding hair follicle regeneration.
42 citations
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January 2017 in “Stem cells international” This study found that while extracellular matrix components like hyaluronic acid promoted larger organoid formation, other matrix components hindered hair follicle germ assembly in an in vitro model.
December 2016 in “Paleontological Journal” This study developed an in vitro artificial hair germ model using dermal papilla cells and skin keratinocytes to explore early stages of hair follicle regeneration.
1 citations
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August 2021 This study found that biomimetic dermal papilla spheres cultured in a specific microenvironment can partially restore hair-inducing ability in high-passage dermal papilla cells in nude mice, resembling the characteristics of primary cells.
39 citations
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September 2011 in “Tissue Engineering Part B-reviews” This report reviews current advances in hair follicle regeneration for tissue-engineered skin grafts and highlights the feasibility and challenges of creating human hair follicles in this setting, suggesting key bioengineering requirements.
69 citations
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June 2017 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” This review discusses the advancements and challenges in developing in vitro human skin models incorporating components like vasculature for drug testing and disease research, but reports no new clinical results.
October 2025 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” This literature review discusses the challenges and potential strategies for creating fully functional hair follicles capable of active cycling, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and innovative regenerative techniques, such as hair micropatterning and three-dimensional printing, crucial for optimizing hair follicle regeneration.
2 citations
,
January 2023 in “Applied Science and Convergence Technology” This review discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting technologies for tissue regeneration, drug evaluation, and drug delivery systems, but reports no new findings.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This study reported that Tomorrowlabs HIF strengthening factor [HSF] hair restoration technology significantly improved hair thickness, density, shine, and elasticity, while reducing hair loss by an average of 66.8% and enhancing hair growth by up to 32.5% in subjects with androgenic alopecia over nine months.
125 citations
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March 2017 in “Micromachines” This review highlights recent advancements in microfluidics for 3D tissue model generation and discusses its applications in tissue engineering and high-throughput drug screening without reporting new experimental results.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This paper reviews advancements in 3D human skin models using bioprinting, organoid, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, noting improvements in physiological realism through vascularization and multi-omics data, but also highlighting challenges such as cost and lack of standardization that hinder clinical adoption.
223 citations
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October 2020 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This review discusses recent advances in microfabrication and microfluidic technologies for improving the production of organoids and spheroids, but it reports no new experimental results.
May 2026 in “Organoid Research” This review discusses recent advancements in hair follicle organoid technology for alopecia treatment but presents no new experimental results, emphasizing the potential for clinical applications and drug screening.
47 citations
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July 2013 in “Pharmacological Reviews” This review discusses the role of pharmacological sciences in advancing regenerative medicine technologies but reports no new experimental findings; the authors advocate for increased pharmacologist involvement to drive innovations.
September 2023 in “Membranes” This source reviews the potential of 3D printing, biomaterials, and smart sensors in tissue engineering, noting their application in creating artificial membranes for skin and tissue regeneration and assessing their strengths and limitations for wound dressing development and disease modeling.
July 2025 in “Bioactive Materials” This review summarizes advancements in biomedical engineering for hair follicle regeneration, highlighting strategies like cell transplantation and tissue engineering to reconstruct hair follicles, and discusses both their technical limitations and potential future innovations in regenerative medicine.
December 2023 in “Aggregate” In this review, it is discussed how mesenchymal stem cell aggregation plays a crucial role in organ development and has potential applications in organ regeneration through tissue engineering.
October 2022 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses the development of hair-on-a-chip technology for hair follicle research and alopecia treatment, reporting no new clinical results but highlighting future research directions.
22 citations
,
March 2021 in “Materials Today Bio” This review discusses recent advances in developmental tissue engineering for regenerating ectodermal appendages like teeth and glands, emphasizing biomaterial selection and cell culture strategies, but reports no new experimental results.
3 citations
,
April 2018 in “Therapeutic Delivery” This editorial discusses advances in engineering techniques for hair follicle regeneration and highlights future potential but reports no original research findings.
106 citations
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November 2014 in “Cell Stem Cell” This review discusses advanced techniques for investigating stem cell fate at the single-cell level, including lineage tracing, time-lapse imaging, and molecular profiling, but reports no new research results.
51 citations
,
May 2019 in “Biomaterials” This study developed a method for generating germ-like tissues called bbHFGs, which efficiently promoted hair follicle formation in mice, potentially advancing hair regenerative medicine applications.
2 citations
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May 2017 in “InTech eBooks” This review discusses the regenerative potential of hair follicle stem cell populations and current approaches to reconstructing folliculogenesis for alopecia therapy, but reports no new clinical results.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Medical Technology” This review discusses current knowledge of keratinocyte stem cell dynamics, including their regenerative roles and potential applications beyond wound healing, but presents no new clinical findings.
February 2024 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” In this study, researchers developed a microfluidic-assisted technology to create dual-layer microspheres containing mesenchymal and epidermal cells, which efficiently induced hair follicle regeneration in mice, suggesting potential improvements for hair regeneration treatments in conditions like androgenetic alopecia.