195 citations,
November 2019 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.
135 citations,
March 1984 in “Fertility and sterility” Higher levels of unbound testosterone are linked to increased insulin resistance, especially in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
71 citations,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have higher androgen levels that decrease with age but are still higher than in women without PCOS.
44 citations,
June 2012 in “Endocrinology” High levels of androgens during early development may cause PCOS-like symptoms.
35 citations,
January 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Metformin should be used for PCOS mainly in those with glucose intolerance, and has limited benefits for infertility or hirsutism.
26 citations,
August 2014 in “Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers” High levels of TNF-α may contribute to obesity and insulin resistance in PCOS, but not due to the C850T genetic variation.
24 citations,
March 2017 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.
21 citations,
September 2017 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.
19 citations,
January 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.
19 citations,
March 2012 in “Clinical Endocrinology” FAI values above 6.4 may suggest high androgen levels and increased metabolic risks in Chinese women of reproductive age.
14 citations,
January 2008 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones in women without tumors are linked to metabolic problems and can be treated with metformin.
6 citations,
June 2017 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” Chinese women with PCOS have higher androgen levels, which change with age and weight.
4 citations,
June 2018 in “PLOS ONE” Iron levels are linked to insulin resistance in men and postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
2 citations,
April 2019 in “Медицинский совет” Combined oral contraceptives improve skin, hormone levels, and quality of life in women with PCOS.
Valproic acid and rapamycin protect hair follicle stem cells from damage by activating a protective pathway.
September 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” High levels of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone before pregnancy are linked to a higher risk of newborns needing intensive care.
January 2018 in “Journal of translational science” Eating alfalfa sprouts every day can raise testosterone levels in middle-aged men, but broccoli sprouts don't have this effect.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
April 1978 in “Pediatric research” Patients with anorexia nervosa did not show a correlation between zinc levels and taste perception or the severity of their condition.
91 citations,
December 2017 in “Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine” Lower SHBG levels may increase the risk of PCOS.
56 citations,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.
50 citations,
March 2011 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Spironolactone improved blood vessel function and cholesterol levels in non-obese women with PCOS.
50 citations,
April 2000 in “Fertility and Sterility” Diane 35 plus finasteride is more effective in reducing hair growth and androgen levels, but may decrease libido.
39 citations,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” Eating high glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.
28 citations,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
26 citations,
December 2020 in “Nature metabolism” Rapamycin treatment helps with mitochondrial disease by reducing PKC levels.
22 citations,
March 2019 in “Environmental health” Higher fluoride levels may delay puberty in boys.
17 citations,
July 2015 in “Biomolecules and Biomedicine” High Nesfatin-1 and low Vitamin D may increase blood pressure and heart rate in women with PCOS.
16 citations,
July 2020 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” People with Parkinson's disease have higher levels of cortisone in their hair, which may indicate chronic stress hormone dysfunction.
14 citations,
February 2016 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Blood tests are needed to confirm high male hormone levels in women with PCOS, as physical signs alone are not reliable.