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Enzymes are classified into six types and are essential for many biological processes, with only a few targeted by drugs.

Phospholipase A2 enzymes play key roles in skin health and disease.

Vitamin B5 and coenzyme A may help regulate the immune system and could improve treatments for chronic diseases and cancer.

Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.

Diagnosing and treating PCOS in teenagers is difficult, and the focus is on lifestyle changes and medication to improve health and prevent future issues.

Both immature and mature fat cells are important for hair growth cycles, with immature cells promoting growth and mature cells possibly inhibiting it.

Rapamycin treatment helps with mitochondrial disease by reducing PKC levels.

Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.

Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.

Targeting glucocorticoid action might help treat type-2 diabetes, but human trials are needed.

Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.

Biotin and biotinidase are essential to prevent health issues, and deficiencies require lifelong supplementation.

Paneth cells and intestinal stem cells work together metabolically for stem cell function and regeneration.

Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.

Most patients with anal Pemphigus Vulgaris had repeated episodes but fully recovered with treatment, without long-term problems.

Western diet may cause male pattern baldness; low glycemic diet with magnesium could help.

Biotin supplements are unnecessary for most people but may help with certain conditions like biotin deficiency, brittle nails, and some hair loss.

One Ashwagandha extract may help protect cells with its antioxidant properties, while another could promote hair growth.

Liver transplantation is a viable option for children with propionic acidemia, improving quality of life and diet, but does not remove all risks and long-term brain outcomes are uncertain.

Edible seeds from the Cucurbitaceae family like pumpkin and watermelon seeds are nutritious and may have health benefits, but eating too much can cause side effects.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of a certain growth factor, which can be reduced by taking metformin.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Skin fat helps with body temperature control and has other active roles in health.

Obesity increases the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, and weight loss can improve the condition.

The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.

Women with PCOS have lower ghrelin levels and a weaker response to sugar, which might affect their feeling of fullness and lead to overeating.

Lower lipin 1β in belly fat is linked to insulin resistance in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

High fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.