187 citations
,
December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.
159 citations
,
July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” This article discusses the influence of estrogens on hair follicle growth and metabolism, suggesting a significant role alongside androgens in hair growth control but reports no new clinical results.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” This review discusses the role of estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal skin aging and wound healing, highlighting opportunities for developing estrogen receptor-targeted therapies and reports no new clinical results.
154 citations
,
October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” This study found that 17-beta-estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by blocking hair follicles in the telogen phase, whereas an estrogen receptor antagonist promotes hair growth by initiating anagen.
150 citations
,
April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology” This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin aging and highlights potential therapies, but reports no new clinical findings.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
137 citations
,
June 2005 in “Climacteric” This review indicates that estrogen loss during menopause significantly impacts skin health, while estrogen treatment may increase skin collagen, thickness, and elasticity, though effects on other skin characteristics are inconsistent.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” This study found that testosterone increased seizure severity in mice and rats, with its neurosteroid metabolites playing a role in modulating seizure susceptibility.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.
120 citations
,
April 2019 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” This review discusses the roles estrogens play in males and androgens in females, challenging the traditional view of strictly "male" and "female" hormones, but it does not report new experimental findings.
120 citations
,
October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” This review discusses the effects of estrogens on skin aging and highlights the potential benefits of estrogen replacement therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators for improving skin health in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical findings.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that all four treatments—flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and EE-CPA—significantly reduced hirsutism, but EE-CPA and flutamide appeared most effective, with varying effects on androgen levels and side-effect profiles.
98 citations
,
July 2006 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” 96 citations
,
September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In this study, significant elevations of DHA and testosterone were associated with pubic hair development and voice changes in boys during puberty.
94 citations
,
August 2002 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that 17α‐estradiol increases aromatase activity in female hair follicles, which may explain its beneficial effects in treating androgenetic alopecia.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that serum androgen levels in premenopausal women may be influenced by genetic variants of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor β genes.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study found that estrogen receptor beta plays a significant role in murine hair growth control, potentially acting as a silencer of estrogen receptor alpha's catagen-promoting effects.
83 citations
,
February 1977 in “PubMed” This study found that exposing seasonally anestrous mares to extended light periods led to the earlier onset of endocrinologically normal estrous cycles, potentially allowing earlier breeding and foaling.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” This study observed specific expression patterns of three zebrafish estrogen receptor genes during development, highlighting robust co-expression of esr2a and esr2b in primary neuromasts, branchial arches, and other tissues.
74 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that treatment with leuprolide plus cyclic estrogen/progestin may lead to a faster and greater improvement in hirsutism compared to a standard oral contraceptive regimen.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that topical estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by preventing the hair follicle's transition from resting to growth phase, a process reversible with an estrogen receptor antagonist.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduced hair diameter and plasma testosterone levels in hirsute women, with no significant differences between the two treatments.
67 citations
,
December 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that hormonal receptor activity in skin regions undergoing mechanical stretching may influence extracellular matrix metabolism and the formation of SD, with variations in receptor functionality throughout lesion development stages.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” This article discusses the impact of estrogens on skin aging, highlighting the potential benefits and unresolved effectiveness of alternatives like phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators; it reports no new clinical results.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that dexamethasone significantly reduced ERα mRNA levels and increased aromatase mRNA and activity in cultured human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism for estradiol action.
64 citations
,
January 2000 in “The Analyst” This study describes an efficient gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for detecting estrone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations in hair, finding differing levels in male and female samples.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This review explores how estrogens influence skin health and attractiveness in women, particularly with aging, but it reports no new clinical findings.
57 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This study found no support for the idea that male-pattern baldness in female-to-male transsexuals indicates an increased risk of coronary heart disease through androgenic effects on classic risk factors.
56 citations
,
March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that 17β-estradiol inhibited RANTES production in human keratinocytes by suppressing nuclear factor κB activity, suggesting a potential mechanism for 17β-estradiol's modulation of psoriasis-related inflammation.