January 2013 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery” This study found that inserting isolated hair follicle units into engineered dermis promoted differentiation and maturation of tissue-engineered skin, maintaining hair follicle morphology and generating skin appendages like sebaceous glands.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” In this study, researchers demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from human embryonic stem cells can be used to create tissue-engineered dermal substitutes, effectively repairing mouse skin wounds within 20 days, highlighting a promising method for clinical applications in skin repair.
July 2026 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study introduced a bioengineering platform that creates early-stage hair peg-like structures within tissue-engineered skin substitutes by integrating human keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells with laser-micropatterned collagen scaffolds, providing a foundation for future appendage-inclusive skin regeneration efforts.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Bioprinting” This study constructed a 3D-printed scaffold using sodium alginate, gelatin, and alginate lyase hydrogel, which supports hair follicle regeneration in artificial skin, suggesting a promising strategy for tissue-engineered skin with functional appendages.
1 citations
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November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” This chapter reviews traditional and tissue-engineered treatments for skin defects and discusses advances in bioengineered skin constructs, but it presents no new experimental results.
4 citations
,
June 2007 in “PubMed” This study found that using engineered skin with PGA-collagen scaffolds, combined with hair follicle stem cells and other cell types, effectively repaired full-thickness skin defects in nude mice.
June 2026 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study found that engineered extracellular vesicles (293F-EGF-EV), enriched in EGF mRNA, significantly aided skin wound healing in vitro and in a rat model by promoting fibroblast activity and improving wound recovery through processes like angiogenesis and reduced scarring.
33 citations
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September 2016 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that human hair follicle dermal cells, specifically dermal sheath cells, can serve as an alternative and potentially superior cell source for constructing the dermal component of bioengineered skin in both in vitro and in vivo settings.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study demonstrated that prevascularized human skin constructs containing engineered hair follicles can successfully induce human hair growth when grafted onto mice by promoting blood supply to the grafted skin.
11 citations
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March 2023 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” In this study, epidermal stem cells were found to enhance blood vessel formation and support successful one-step transplantation of tissue-engineered skin in a rat model.
4 citations
,
October 2017 in “Advances in tissue engineering & regenerative medicine” In this study, a bioengineered construct using a biodegradable polycaprolactone mat cocultured with human keratinocyte and rabbit dermal fibroblast cells demonstrated potential as a tissue-engineered skin substitute, showing good cell adhesion and growth.
24 citations
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October 2010 in “Tissue Engineering Part A” This study found that tissue-engineered skin using mouse fibroblasts successfully supported hair growth after grafting, but similar success was not observed using human fibroblast-derived tissue.
184 citations
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December 2018 in “Nature Communications” This study demonstrated that enhancing human skin constructs with hair follicles through engineered cell organization and vascularization improved hair growth in immunodeficient mice, suggesting potential advances for treating alopecia and chronic wounds.
1 citations
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September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, researchers used a CRISPR-based method to correct mutations in the COL7A1 gene in stem cells from RDEB patients, restoring normal collagen expression in engineered skin grafts in mice.
5 citations
,
March 2024 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” In this study, researchers successfully constructed a high-precision three-dimensional model of human skin dermis, revealing a detailed analysis of dermal porosity and pore diameter distribution, which can aid the development of biomimetic tissue-engineered skin.
January 2026 in “Lab on a Chip” In this perspective, recent advances in regenerative medicine, including bioartificial substitutes and engineered in vitro platforms, are reviewed for their potential to restore human hair follicles, highlighting new technologies like 3D printing, hair-on-a-chip models, and stem cell-derived organoids.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, researchers demonstrated that using 3D spheroid formation and genetic modification significantly enhanced the hair-inducing capacity of human dermal papilla cells in engineered skin constructs.
71 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of Translational Medicine” This article reviews current strategies and advancements in regenerating skin appendages and sensory nerves in tissue-engineered skin, highlighting the challenge of restoring skin sensations like pain, temperature, and touch to improve patients’ quality of life.
45 citations
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October 2014 in “Stem cell research & therapy” This study found that using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rat hair follicle stem cells enhanced angiogenesis and vascularization in tissue-engineered skin, improving wound healing.
April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study reports that incorporating Lef-1 transfected dermal papilla cells into human skin equivalents significantly promoted hair follicle differentiation and hair fiber growth, offering a potential advancement for managing skin loss.
68 citations
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August 2014 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” This study found that composite skin constructs containing dermal papilla cells promoted better skin healing and hair regeneration in nude mice, highlighting their role in tissue-engineered skin for severe injuries.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study observed that three-dimensional cultures of dermal papilla cells enhanced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro, which may improve vascularization in tissue-engineered skin constructs.
25 citations
,
January 2003 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery” This study indicates that nail-matrical fibroblasts can induce hard keratin expression in non-nail-matrical keratinocytes, suggesting potential for using non-nail-matrical epidermal grafts to treat nail injuries.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Elsevier eBooks” This chapter reviews the use of electrospun matrices in creating tissue-engineered skin substitutes and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the need for a cell-friendly microenvironment.
8 citations
,
April 2023 in “Advanced materials” In this study, implantable vascularized engineered thrombi using autologous whole blood improved skin wound healing in rats by promoting robust microcapillary networks and accelerating healing processes.
2 citations
,
August 2011 in “InTech eBooks” New methods for growing skin cells can improve skin grafts by building blood vessels within them.
41 citations
,
January 2015 in “Burns & Trauma” This review discusses developments in tissue engineering for burn wound coverage and reconstructive surgery, reporting no new results but highlighting the need for further research into clinical effectiveness.
10 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This review explores the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles in treating various skin conditions but reports no new clinical study results.
40 citations
,
July 2024 in “Bioengineering” This review found significant progress in 3D bioprinting for surgery, noting advances in creating complex tissue constructs, while highlighting ongoing challenges like vascularization and integration with host tissue, emphasizing the need for further research and regulatory development.
150 citations
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January 2018 in “Burns & Trauma” This review discusses strategies and advances in bioprinting for skin wound healing, concluding that bioprinting could offer promising solutions for skin regeneration despite existing challenges.