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The arrector pili muscle might play a role in hair loss and needs more research to understand its impact.

The conclusion is that better understanding and more research are needed to effectively manage follicular and scarring disorders in skin of color, with an emphasis on patient education and cultural awareness.

Hair disorders are caused by a complex mix of biology, genetics, hormones, and environmental factors, affecting hair growth and leading to conditions like alopecia.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Using neurohormones to control keratin can lead to new skin disease treatments.

Sonidegib and vismodegib are similarly effective for advanced basal cell carcinoma, but sonidegib might have a slightly better safety profile.

Methotrexate effectively treated a 2-year-old's generalized pustular psoriasis without side effects.

Thyroid diseases may contribute to autoimmune skin diseases, and more research is needed on their relationship.

Age, smoking, and lower BMI increase facial wrinkles; men wrinkle more than women, except in old age; pale skin and certain hormonal factors can protect against wrinkles.

The PCOS-specific questionnaire needs more work to fully measure quality of life in clinical trials.

Consider benefits and risks of new alopecia treatments for safety.

Hair restoration surgery techniques have evolved, with focus on patient selection and realistic goals, and future advancements may include cloning and gene therapy.

Alternative medicine lacks scientific support and relies on the placebo effect, but remains popular and integrated into German healthcare.

An 8-year-old girl with vitiligo developed extra hair growth on her knee after using tacrolimus ointment.

Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.

PRP shows promise for improving facial wrinkles, skin elasticity, and hair growth, but more research is needed to standardize its use and understand its effects.

Effective hirsutism management requires identifying the cause, combining new and traditional treatments, and setting realistic expectations for patients.

The review concluded that male pattern baldness is mostly seen negatively, affecting attractiveness and social appeal.

Combining cosmetic procedures with lifestyle changes improves antiaging results.

The perception of excessive hair growth in women as abnormal is more influenced by cultural norms than by medical reasons.

A 10-year-old girl with Fox Fordyce disease improved with treatment, suggesting the disease can occur before puberty and might be underdiagnosed in young girls.

The document concludes that "Dictamnus" has a rich cultural history and potential as a herbal medicine, warranting more research into its effects and safety.

PCOS lowers quality of life, causing issues like obesity, infertility, and menstrual problems.

Injecting a mix of human skin and hair cells into mice can grow new hair.

Skin doctors should recognize and treat conditions like hair-pulling and skin-picking early, often using therapy and medication, to help 50-70% of patients.

Alopecia areata causes hair loss due to an immune attack on hair follicles, influenced by genetics and environment.

UVA1-light therapy successfully treated a child's skin condition, mycosis fungoides.

Thai rice bran extracts, especially from Tubtim Chumphae rice, can significantly reduce the activity of hair loss genes, with x-tocopherol showing potential as an anti-hair loss product.

Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.