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The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

DNA profiling in forensics has improved, but predicting physical traits and ancestry from DNA has limitations and requires ethical consideration.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

The conclusion is that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires good teamwork between skin doctors and lab experts.

Epidermal stem cells are diverse and vary in activity, playing key roles in skin maintenance and repair.

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Minoxidil and finasteride can slow hair loss and stimulate regrowth, but won't restore all lost hair or reverse complete baldness.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

The document concludes that cosmetic surgery is still mainly a practice for women and the gender gap in this field is expected to continue.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.

Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.

Hair grays due to oxidative stress and fewer functioning melanocytes.

Abnormal Hedgehog signaling in blood cancers may help tumors grow and resist chemotherapy, suggesting potential for targeted treatments.

Shrinking skin cancer increases the chance of cancer in nearby lymph nodes.

Skin problems are very common in people with end-stage kidney disease.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Hidradenitis suppurativa treatment should be tailored to the individual, with quitting smoking being important.

Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and weight management can improve symptoms.

Androgens are important for normal ovarian function and estrogen production, but may not be the main cause of follicle death.

PCOS symptoms change with age; younger women have higher androgen levels and less metabolic issues, while older women face more metabolic challenges despite milder PCOS symptoms.