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The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Zinc is crucial for growth and health in rats.

Minoxidil treats hair loss, promotes growth, has side effects, and has recent patents.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Minoxidil works better for female hair loss, but cyproterone reduces scalp oiliness and causes menstrual issues.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Obesity worsens PCOS symptoms, and PCOS may lead to more weight gain; managing both requires a holistic approach that includes mental health.

Low doses of some substances can be beneficial, while high doses can be harmful or toxic.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Trilostane effectively and safely treats dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, improving symptoms and adrenal gland size.

Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.

Male pattern hair loss is genetic and influenced by hormones, with treatments like minoxidil and surgery available.

Finasteride may cause slight depression and anxiety.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

Hormonal treatments, including birth control and antiandrogens, can effectively treat acne in women.

Spironolactone most effective for hirsutism, but has side effects.

Finasteride improves hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism.

Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

Dermal exosomes with miR-218-5p boost hair growth by controlling β-catenin signaling.

Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and weight management can improve symptoms.

Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.

Different forms of hair loss drug can improve effectiveness.

Dermatologists play a key role in treating skin symptoms of PCOS like dark patches, excess hair, acne, and hair loss.

Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.