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Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

The article concludes that while we understand a lot about how melanocytes age and how this can prevent cancer, there are still unanswered questions about certain pathways and genes involved.

The document concludes that rapid identification, isolation, and strict infection control are crucial to manage SARS outbreaks.

Skin problems in COVID-19 patients are rare and may be due to the body's complex immune response or blood clotting issues.

Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

COVID-19 can cause various skin lesions, which may result from the virus and immune response, and are not directly linked to illness severity.

Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is caused by genetic factors, inflammation, bacteria, hormones, and lifestyle factors like obesity and smoking.

The document concludes that various clinical methods are used to assess ageing skin and the effectiveness of anti-ageing products.

Stress hormone corticosterone blocks a growth factor to slow down hair stem cell activity and hair growth.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

New treatments for Alopecia Areata, like JAK inhibitors, show promise for hair regrowth and are likely to change future treatment approaches.

Mesenchymal stem cells show potential for skin healing and anti-aging, but more research is needed for safe use, especially regarding stem cells from induced pluripotent sources.

Imiquimod 5% cream reduced equine sarcoids in most cases.

Targeting the skin's endocannabinoid system could help treat skin disorders.

The circadian clock influences the behavior and regeneration of stem cells in the body.

Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.

Some treatments, like corticosteroids and sensitizing agents, can help with alopecia areata, but more high-quality research is needed.

Anti-TNF therapy can cause a unique type of hair loss that may get better with topical treatments without stopping the therapy.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising drugs for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Short-chain fatty acids from *Cutibacterium acnes* cause skin inflammation, contributing to acne.

Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

Women with PCOS have fewer activated T cells in their ovarian follicles, which might affect fertility.

Cyclosporine A may help treat hair loss by blocking a protein that inhibits hair growth.

Blocking IL-12/IL-23p40 helped reverse severe hair loss in patients.

Prostaglandin D2 blocks new hair growth after skin injury through the Gpr44 receptor.