April 2019 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” This study found that among women with hirsutism, acne was the most common associated feature, and severity varied with related conditions like menstrual irregularities and obesity.
1 citations
,
July 2001 in “Pediatrics in review” This case report describes a 14-year-old girl with signs of virilization, including increased facial and body hair, deepened voice, and elevated serum testosterone and androstenedione levels.
9 citations
,
March 2019 in “European Journal of Sport Science” This article discusses laboratory and physical markers that may help detect androgenic anabolic steroid abuse in athletes and reports no new primary research results.
3 citations
,
March 2019 in “Post Reproductive Health” Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.
2 citations
,
November 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” This study describes a case of a 35-year-old woman who developed symptoms of hyperandrogenism and disrupted steroidogenesis due to chronic use of electronic cigarettes containing compounds similar to etomidate, despite no genetic mutation indicating 11β-hydroxylase deficiency.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Emergency Medicine Australasia” This article discusses the negative experiences transgender individuals often encounter in emergency healthcare settings and emphasizes the importance of gender-affirming practices, but it reports no new clinical results.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” This study of monozygotic transgender male twins observed that consistent hormone therapy led to physical changes such as deepening voice and increased facial/body hair, with no reported mood-related adverse effects.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report highlights the diagnostic challenge of identifying androgen-secreting ovarian Leydig cell tumors in postmenopausal women when imaging fails to reveal masses, emphasizing the usefulness of ovarian vein sampling for localization.
May 1963 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” This study found that a single 2 ml injection of TEEV every 4 weeks offers similar beneficial effects with fewer side effects compared to injecting the same dose every 2 weeks in postmenopausal women.
71 citations
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August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.
January 2024 in “Journal of surgical case reports” In this case study, researchers reported a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman with virilizing symptoms like hirsutism and voice deepening was found to have an androgen-secreting adrenal tumor, emphasizing the importance of considering this diagnosis in similar cases.
November 2021 in “Khyber Medical University Journal” This case report highlights that uncommon ovarian tumors like sclerosal stromal tumors can cause hirsutism and virilization in postmenopausal women and lead to androgen secretion, despite typically being hormonally inactive.
32 citations
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January 2010 in “Journal of Korean Medical Science” This case report describes a rare instance of functioning adrenocortical oncocytoma in a 14-year-old girl with virilization and reviews related literature.
20 citations
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October 2017 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This article reviews existing knowledge on postmenopausal hyperandrogenism and highlights diagnostic challenges, reporting no new clinical results.
19 citations
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June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This case study details a 57-year-old woman with symptoms of androgen excess, including rapid hair growth and temporal balding, alongside abnormal testosterone levels and a history of chronic renal failure.
6 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in surgery” This case report describes a 64-year-old woman with hirsutism who was found to have a borderline adrenocortical oncocytoma, successfully treated with adrenalectomy.
6 citations
,
July 2018 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This case study reports the first known instance of hepatic adrenocortical carcinoma in a virilized young woman, highlighting the importance of comprehensive evaluation to identify ectopic adrenal tumors.
4 citations
,
December 2018 in “Case reports in endocrinology” This case study reported a postmenopausal woman with a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor that was not detected through standard clinical or radiological examination but was found via biopsy.
2 citations
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October 2015 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” This case report describes a 57-year-old woman with hirsutism, hair loss, and vocal changes, who was found to have elevated testosterone levels but normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case study reported that sudden hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women may indicate hormonally active ovarian tumors such as Leydig cell tumors, which can be effectively treated with surgery.
In this case report, a 10-year-old girl with an adrenal adenoma experienced symptoms like hirsutism and clitoromegaly; after surgical removal of the tumor, her symptoms and biochemical abnormalities resolved over several months.
October 2021 in “Acta Scientific Medical Sciences” This case report describes an isolated DHEA-S secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a 52-year-old woman who presented without typical hyperandrogenic symptoms.
June 2020 in “AACE clinical case reports” This case report illustrates that Leydig cell tumors, despite causing significantly elevated androgen levels, can be difficult to localize due to their small size, as demonstrated in a 42-year-old woman whose tumor was only identified after oophorectomy.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report details a post-menopausal woman with hirsutism and virilization due to rare Leydig cell tumors in both ovaries, underscoring the challenge of detecting such tumors with standard imaging.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report describes a 58-year-old woman whose virilization symptoms were linked to a steroid tumor of the ovary, emphasizing the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve her quality of life.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this case report, a 48-year-old woman's hyperandrogenism, presenting with symptoms like acne and hirsutism, was attributed to a benign Leydig cell tumor, which resolved after surgical removal.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Curēus” This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, emphasizing the importance of early expert evaluation to prevent irreversible changes such as virilization.
66 citations
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March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” This case report describes a 70-year-old woman whose obstructive sleep apnea resolved after the removal of a testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, supporting the theory that testosterone influences OSA in women.
46 citations
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May 2009 in “Maturitas” This study found that taking a daily oral dose of 50mg DHEA for one year had no significant impact on blood lipids, insulin sensitivity, or the endometrium in postmenopausal women with low libido.
11 citations
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September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” This review examines the scientific evidence on the short-term safety of testosterone therapy for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women, without presenting new clinical results.