37 citations
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September 2008 in “The American journal of surgical pathology” This study concluded that hair follicle hyperplasia found in pseudolymphomatous folliculitis can also occur in genuine cutaneous lymphomas, potentially as a coincidental result of underlying pathological processes.
January 2026 in “Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine” This paper proposes a model integrating regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to enhance understanding of peripheral immune tolerance, suggesting their combined roles in immune regulation, autoimmunity pathophysiology, and potential MSC-based therapies.
14 citations
,
January 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” The study suggested certain immune cells might cause alopecia areata, but it was retracted.
10 citations
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January 2019 in “International Immunology” This review discusses the interactions between immune cells and the skin epithelium and their impact on maintaining barrier function, emphasizing the potential to enhance epithelial barrier function in inflammatory diseases.
6 citations
,
November 2018 in “American journal of transplantation” This study reported that using UVB preirradiation and anti-CD154 antibody treatment in a humanized mouse model prolonged hair follicle allograft survival and reduced immune cell infiltration without needing generalized immunosuppression.
February 2026 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” In this single-cell transcriptomic study, researchers analyzed AA scalp samples and found distinct immune and nonimmune cell activation patterns, with elevated TH1/TH2 and JAK/STAT markers potentially contributing to hair follicle immune privilege disruption and disease severity.
28 citations
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April 2024 in “Immunity” In this study, researchers found that hair follicle stem cells activate an immune-modulatory program during wound healing, promoting Treg cell expansion and aiding skin repair, while deleting certain immune components impaired healing and increased inflammation in a mouse model.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This article reviews the emerging non-inflammatory roles of regulatory T cells in the skin and reports no new clinical findings, suggesting broad biological influence beyond traditional immune functions.
5 citations
,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the roles of distinct immune cell types in skin wound healing, highlighting findings from animal studies, but provides no new clinical results.
March 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This study identified CD28, GZMB, and CD1C as key immune regulators in alopecia areata, highlighting CD28 as a potential therapeutic target with a promising safety profile, using a proteome-anchored multi-omics approach to uncover actionable targets for this autoimmune hair-loss disorder.
October 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Mice treatments didn't grow hair, a patient treatment may affect immune response, and people with hair loss often feel anxious or depressed.
114 citations
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August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explores how mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles may treat various skin diseases by modulating immune responses and promoting healing, though further clinical trials are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in practice.
January 2024 in “Inflammation and regeneration” This study identified Th22 cells as key effectors in hair regeneration driven by thymosin beta 15, suggesting they could be potential targets for hair regrowth therapies.
January 2024 in “Asthma Allergy Immunology” This review examines the role of innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases and the influence of an allergic microenvironment on their plasticity, without reporting new clinical outcomes.
253 citations
,
April 2014 in “Drugs” This review discusses the preclinical and clinical data on teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis, highlighting its selective action on immune cells without causing clinical immune suppression, and provides no new clinical results.
11 citations
,
March 2007 in “Digestive Diseases and Sciences” The conditions alopecia areata, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and ulcerative colitis may be linked by shared autoimmune and cell death mechanisms.
6 citations
,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of alopecia areata, focusing on immunity and genetics, and presents potential targets for therapy without reporting new clinical results.
23 citations
,
October 2021 in “FEBS Journal” This review examines the role of Sonic Hedgehog signaling in the maintenance and repair of skin and lung barriers, and its influence on inflammation and atopic diseases; it presents no new clinical findings.
July 2026 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This review highlights that alopecia areata is characterized by three immune endotypes, and while JAK inhibitors offer temporary control, upcoming multi-omics diagnostics and immune reprogramming strategies may achieve longer-lasting remission, according to this analysis.
16 citations
,
December 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found significant gene expression abnormalities in hair follicles affected by alopecia areata, suggesting persistent changes that may predispose to future relapses even after hair regrowth.
1 citations
,
March 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This review discusses how ionizing radiation causes skin damage by inducing cellular senescence in keratinocytes, which secrete inflammatory mediators, recruiting immune cells and exacerbating inflammation, impacting the skin barrier function and healing.
4 citations
,
October 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that the MD-3 antibody significantly improved the survival of hair follicle allografts in nonhuman primates by reducing T-cell infiltration.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review explored recent research on the immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for alopecia areata, highlighting the roles of immune-related cells, autocrine and paracrine signaling, as well as factors like adipose-derived stem cells and gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis.
January 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This quiz article provides a series of dermatological diagnosis questions based on a Journal of Investigative Dermatology article and includes explanations but reports no original research findings.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This paper presents the first reported case of Acute Localized Exanthematous Pustulosis linked to topical minoxidil use, suggesting a contact-induced hypersensitivity reaction as a potential mechanism.
54 citations
,
January 2023 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” This review examines integrins as pharmacological targets, discussing current integrin-based therapies and emphasizing the need to understand integrin mechanisms for successful drug development, without reporting new clinical results.
20 citations
,
December 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study found that certain T cell-associated genes were upregulated in dogs with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and vitiligo, suggesting a shared immunopathogenesis with humans.
20 citations
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February 2004 in “Clinical & Experimental Immunology” This study suggests that long-term treatment with the contact sensitizer SADBE in mice may reduce leucocyte traffic in alopecia areata through impaired leucocyte extravasation.
June 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study reported that the anti-γc antibody hC2 restored hair follicle homeostasis and suppressed hair loss in an AA-like mouse model by inhibiting autoreactive T-cell activity, suggesting that hC2 may offer a safer and more effective treatment for alopecia areata compared to current Jak inhibitors.