Possible Role of ILC1 in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

    Rimma Laufer Britva, Aviad Keren, Yehuda Ullmann, Ralf Paus, Amos Gilhar
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    TLDR ILC1 cells contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata.
    The study explored the role of innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1) in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). Researchers found increased ILC1s in AA lesions compared to healthy skin. Co-culturing human scalp hair follicles (HFs) with ILC1s or CD8+NKG2D+ cells led to premature catagen development, HF dystrophy, and immune privilege collapse, all hallmarks of AA. ILC1s produced large amounts of INF-γ and caused substantial HF cytotoxicity, up-regulated MHC class I and II, and decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in the hair matrix. Immunosuppressive agents like IL-10 and TGF-β2 reduced these effects, suggesting that both antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and non-antigen-specific ILC1s contribute to AA.
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