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The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

Human hair is complex and grows in cycles starting from embryonic life.

Certain skin proteins can form anchoring structures without the protein AMACO.

RSPO1 mutations in certain patients lead to skin cells that don't develop properly and are more likely to become invasive, increasing the risk of skin cancer.

The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.

Caspase-7 has functions in skin and hair that are not related to cell death.

Understanding hair biology is key to developing better treatments for hair and scalp issues.

Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

Cosmetic procedures can harm hair, but damage can be minimized with knowledge and care; however, once hair is damaged, it cannot be reliably repaired.

rTMS may help treat trichotillomania in some patients.

Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.

Alternating treatment with two drugs could help cells in a rapid aging disease.

The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.

Treatments improved hair surface and scale structure but didn't increase certain bonds in the hair cortex.

Recombinant keratin K31 makes damaged hair thicker, stronger, and straighter.

Some hair protein genes evolved early and were adapted for use in hair follicles.

Modified keratin binds better to hair, especially bleached hair.

High glycine–tyrosine keratin-associated proteins help make hair strong and maintain its shape.

Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.

Protein composition greatly affects the function of keratin biomaterials.

Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.

The document concludes that over 500 genes are linked to hair disorders and this knowledge is important for creating new treatments.

Proteins from stem cells improved hair growth in patients with hair loss.

Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.

A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.

Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.

Studying premature aging syndromes helps understand human aging and suggests potential treatments.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.