37 citations,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
34 citations,
January 2011 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” Using a hair dryer at 15 cm with continuous motion causes less damage than natural drying.
November 2023 in “BMC women's health” Older age and specific haircare practices increase the risk of traction alopecia, and education on these factors could help prevent it.
4 citations,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
3 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Nail issues are common in alopecia areata patients.
9 citations,
August 2021 in “Journal of clinical medicine” Pili torti is a rare condition where hair is twisted and breaks easily, often linked to genetic disorders or other health issues.
December 2023 in “Rheumatology quarterly” Skin changes are key for early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.
356 citations,
December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
27 citations,
February 1991 Cuticle damage doesn't affect hair's tensile strength; the cortex is responsible for it.
20 citations,
January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
8 citations,
March 2018 in “Cosmetics” UV radiation damages hair by creating holes and peeling cuticle layers.
7 citations,
August 2006 in “Biopolymers” Researchers extracted tiny keratin filaments from human hair by unzipping its outer layer.
3 citations,
July 2003 in “PubMed” The research found a way to measure hair surface changes by analyzing how light reflects off of it, and determined hair cuticle angles vary by hair length and color.
1 citations,
November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
August 1985 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” Hair dye can damage dog hair and cause health issues.
67 citations,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
27 citations,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
1 citations,
January 2018 in “Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure” The method can identify minerals in hair from water, and using coconut oil or conditioner can prevent mineral buildup.
1 citations,
November 2003 in “Humana Press eBooks” AFM helps study hair surfaces for dermatology, cosmetics, and forensics.
January 2024 in “Uttar Pradesh journal of zoology” Chemical treatments severely damage hair cuticles, especially in previously treated hair.
May 2017 in “Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure” Water quality affects mineral content in hair, and coconut oil can protect against damage.
10 citations,
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Oxidation changes human hair by breaking down fats and forming new acidic groups, affecting how it interacts with conditioners and cosmetics.
6 citations,
May 2005 in “Journal of dermatological science” The study found nine new hair protein genes in human hair follicles.
January 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
56 citations,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Dye enters hair at the edges of cuticle cells and penetrates more from water than alcohol-based solutions.
24 citations,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
20 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
19 citations,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
19 citations,
July 1964 in “PubMed” Hair follicle cells become four types: medulla, cortex, cuticle, and inner root sheath.