Newer retinoid drugs are effective for skin conditions but have significant side effects.
May 2004 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Vitamin D affects Msx1 protein expression and may influence mineralized tissue health.
January 2017 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research” Scientists have found a way to create hair follicles from human stem cells, which could potentially be used to treat hair loss.
September 1997 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Topical spironolactone effectively treats hair loss in women.
157 citations,
October 2003 in “Development” AXR3 and SHY2 genes control the growth and timing of root hair development in plants.
148 citations,
December 2018 in “Journal of autoimmunity” Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.
147 citations,
September 2006 in “Developmental Cell” Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.
135 citations,
October 1997 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.
131 citations,
July 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology” The document concludes that specific cells are essential for hair growth and more research is needed to understand how to maintain their hair-inducing properties.
131 citations,
August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.
114 citations,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics” Hair loss is mainly caused by hormones, autoimmune issues, and chemotherapy, and needs more research for treatments.
100 citations,
March 2006 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.
94 citations,
October 2017 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Lichen planus pigmentosus causes dark skin patches and is treated by avoiding triggers and using anti-inflammatory medications.
89 citations,
October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.
84 citations,
October 2005 in “Annals of Clinical Psychiatry” Hairpulling, skin picking, and nail biting cause significant harm and need more research for better treatments.
81 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy” New techniques have improved acne scar treatment, but multiple tailored sessions are often needed.
68 citations,
December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” HOXC13 is essential for hair and nail development by regulating Foxn1.
64 citations,
January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Human stem cells can help form hair follicles in mice.
64 citations,
March 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) slows down hair growth and promotes hair follicle regression.
62 citations,
February 2016 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” Technique creates 3D cell spheroids for hair-follicle regeneration.
53 citations,
September 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” New methods to improve the healing abilities of mesenchymal stem cells for disease treatment are promising but need more research.
53 citations,
April 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology” Wnt10b makes hair follicles bigger, but DKK1 can reverse this effect.
53 citations,
September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair follicle cells help protect against immune attacks by regulating T-cell activity.
48 citations,
April 1995 in “PubMed” Testosterone helps beard and axillary hair cells grow by releasing growth factors from dermal papilla cells.
47 citations,
September 2022 in “European Heart Journal” Women may need different blood pressure guidelines than men for heart disease prevention.
40 citations,
March 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.
37 citations,
January 2003 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Turner's syndrome may be linked to autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and alopecia areata, needing comprehensive care.
36 citations,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
35 citations,
March 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science” The document concludes that advanced methods show the presence of P. acnes in acne lesions but do not prove it causes acne.
33 citations,
January 1997 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone can slow down hair growth when combined with certain cells from bald scalps, and this effect can be blocked by an androgen receptor blocker.