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GlossaryChromosome

long DNA molecule with part or all of genetic material

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. In humans, each cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. These structures are crucial for the proper distribution of genetic material during cell division and play a key role in heredity and the functioning of an organism.

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research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein (KAP) Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research Genome-wide Scan and Fine-Mapping Linkage Study of Androgenetic Alopecia Reveals a Locus on Chromosome 3q26

62 citations , March 2008 in “American Journal of Human Genetics”

Hair loss gene found on chromosome 3q26.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 2111In fond memory of Dr Peter Steinert.

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 2111In fond memory of Dr Peter Steinert.

62 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research The Majority of Multipotent Epidermal Stem Cells Do Not Protect Their Genome by Asymmetrical Chromosome Segregation

61 citations , September 2008 in “Stem Cells”

Most hair follicle stem cells do not protect their DNA by dividing it unevenly.

research Susceptibility variants on chromosome 7p21.1 suggest HDAC9 as a new candidate gene for male-pattern baldness

51 citations , November 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A gene called HDAC9 might be a new factor in male-pattern baldness.

research The slick hair coat locus maps to chromosome 20 in Senepol-derived cattle

51 citations , February 2007 in “Animal Genetics”

The gene for slick hair in Senepol cattle is located on chromosome 20 and may involve the SRD5A2 gene.

research A distinct gene close to the hairless locus on chromosome 8p underlies hereditary Marie Unna type hypotrichosis in a German family

36 citations , October 2000 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A different gene near the hairless gene on chromosome 8p21 causes a rare hair loss condition in a German family.

research Balding: A New Mutation on Mouse Chromosome 18 Causing Hair Loss and Immunological Defects

22 citations , March 1994 in “Journal of Heredity”

A mutation in mice causes hair loss and immune problems.

research The Human Type II Keratin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 12q13.13: Final Count or Hidden Secrets?

9 citations , March 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

research A new locus for hereditary hypotrichosis simplex maps to chromosome 13q12.12∼12.3 in a Chinese family

7 citations , May 2010 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

A new genetic area linked to a rare hair loss condition was found on chromosome 13 in a Chinese family.

A 10 Mb duplication in chromosome band 5q31.3–5q33.1 associated with late-onset lipodystrophy, ichthyosis, epilepsy and glomerulonephritis

research A 10 Mb duplication in chromosome band 5q31.3–5q33.1 associated with late-onset lipodystrophy, ichthyosis, epilepsy and glomerulonephritis

5 citations , May 2011 in “European Journal of Medical Genetics”

A genetic duplication on chromosome 5 was linked to a woman's unique combination of medical conditions.

research Mapping of a novel locus for keratosis follicularis squamosa on chromosome 7p14.3–7p12.1

4 citations , December 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

A new gene location for Keratosis follicularis squamosa was found on chromosome 7p14.3-7p12.1.

research A New Clinical Variant of Hereditary Localized Alopecia: Report of a Chinese Family Mapped to Chromosome 2p25.1–2p23.2

2 citations , July 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A new type of hereditary hair loss in a Chinese family is linked to chromosome 2p25.1–2p23.2.

research Finding bald spots on chromosome 20p11

1 citations , March 2009 in “Clinical Genetics”

New genes linked to male pattern baldness were found on chromosome 20p11.

research Uncombable hair syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 1

December 2022 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part A”

A person got uncombable hair syndrome from two copies of chromosome 1 from their mother.

research 494 Congenital generalized hypertrichosis with a copy number variation on chromosome 17q24

May 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A girl with excessive hair growth had a genetic change on chromosome 17 that reduced the activity of two genes linked to hair growth.

research Whole-genome SNP genotyping mapped a novel locus for hereditary hypotrichosis on chromosome 2q31.1–q32.2

August 2015 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Researchers found a new area on chromosome 2 linked to a genetic hair loss condition.

research Scraggly, a new hair loss mutation on mouse Chromosome 19

14 citations , September 1999 in “Mammalian genome”

The scraggly mutation causes hair loss and skin defects in mice.

research Complex X chromosome rearrangement associated with multiorgan autoimmunity

8 citations , July 2015 in “Molecular cytogenetics”

A complex X chromosome rearrangement can increase the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.

research Endocrine abnormalities in ring chromosome 11: a case report and review of the literature

3 citations , November 2015 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports”

Ring Chromosome 11 may be linked to conditions like early puberty, excessive hair growth, hair loss, and type 2 diabetes.

Molecular mechanisms of Y chromosome loss and <i>UTY</i> gene activity

research Molecular mechanisms of Y chromosome loss and UTY gene activity

January 2024 in “Future science OA”

Loss of the Y chromosome and UTY gene activity increases cancer risk in men.

research Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells

December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

Role of polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene andnon-random x chromosome inactivation in the pathogenesisof androgenic alopecia

research Role of polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene andnon-random x chromosome inactivation in the pathogenesisof androgenic alopecia

December 2010 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii”

Certain genes and X chromosome patterns may significantly contribute to the development of hair loss.

research A locus on distal chromosome 10 (ahl4) affecting age-related hearing loss in A/J mice

62 citations , October 2009 in “Neurobiology of aging”

Scientists found a gene in mice that causes early hearing loss.

research Do Changes in Chromosomes Cause Aging?

50 citations , July 1996 in “Cell”

Chromosomal changes, including those in the WRN gene and rDNA, may significantly contribute to aging.

Role of polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and non-random X chromosome inactivation in the genesis of androgenic alopecia in women of childbearing potential

research Role of polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and non-random X chromosome inactivation in the genesis of androgenic alopecia in women of childbearing potential

April 2011 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii”

Certain gene variations and irregular X chromosome activity may contribute to hair loss in women who can have children.

research Effects of anticonvulsant drugs on chromosomes.

19 citations , October 1971 in “The BMJ”

Anticonvulsant drugs may cause temporary chromosomal abnormalities.

research Two mouse mutations mapped to chromosome 11 with differing morphologies but similar progressive inflammatory alopecia

7 citations , May 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Two mouse mutations cause similar hair loss despite different skin changes.

research [Association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of chromosomes 20 and X with androgenetic alopecia among ethnic Han Chinese from Yunnan].

June 2016 in “PubMed”