January 2019 in “International Journal of Immunology Research” This study found no significant difference in serum CCL27 levels between patients with alopecia areata and healthy controls, regardless of gender or age.
58 citations
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May 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that topical immunotherapy affects angiogenesis and immune cell ratios in the scalp, potentially offering insights into the mechanisms underlying alopecia areata.
18 citations
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March 2023 in “Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids” In this study, adding CCL2 protein to organoid cultures helped adult skin cells regain the ability to self-organize and regenerate hair follicles, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
December 2025 in “Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences” This study observed that FOXA1 and CCL2 gene expression levels were significantly elevated in women with different PCOS phenotypes compared to healthy controls, indicating phenotype-specific molecular variations which could inform personalized treatment strategies for infertility in PCOS.
7 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of pharmacological sciences” This study found that Bazhengsan significantly reduced inflammation and hyperplasia in male rats with nonbacterial prostatitis, indicating potential as a treatment for chronic prostatitis.
286 citations
,
June 2012 in “Nature Immunology” In this study, researchers found that mouse hair follicles recruit Langerhans cells by secreting chemokines, acting as key portals for these cells in both mice and humans.
236 citations
,
April 2015 in “Cell” This study found that patterned hair plucking in mice triggers a collective regeneration response in nearby unplucked hair follicles via a quorum sensing mechanism involving immune signaling.
192 citations
,
March 2017 in “Cell host & microbe” The researchers reported that hair follicle development and commensal microbe colonization promote the accumulation of regulatory T cells in neonatal skin, with the Ccl20-Ccr6 pathway playing a key role in this process.
73 citations
,
April 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review explores the hair follicle microbiome's interaction with the immune system, discussing its potential clinical implications for scalp health and disease but reports no new clinical results.
51 citations
,
October 2019 in “Cells” This study reported that inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway with baricitinib restored cellular homeostasis, delayed senescence, and reduced proinflammatory markers in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cell models.
25 citations
,
July 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that applying topical imiquimod during mid and late telogen in mice activates hair follicle stem cells and influences immune cell infiltration, promoting hair cycle entry independently of Wnt signaling.
10 citations
,
June 2024 in “Frontiers in Genetics” This study analyzed RNA-seq data from various animal breeds and suggested that similar molecular mechanisms may underlie wool fineness in different sheep breeds. Researchers identified 32 candidate genes related to hair follicle regulation, providing insights for molecular breeding and evolutionary studies.
9 citations
,
July 2022 in “EMBO molecular medicine” This study found that targeting IL-6, IL-1, and CCR6 signaling pathways may effectively reduce irradiation-induced alopecia and dermatitis in radiotherapy patients.
6 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This study identified ten key hub genes and pathways crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of hair growth by comparing dermal papilla cells in 2D and 3D cultures.
3 citations
,
August 2024 In this study, researchers using single nuclei RNA-sequencing found that fibroblasts in deeper layers of mouse skin expressed higher levels of pro-inflammatory genes post-wounding compared to other cells, highlighting their significant role in early inflammation and tissue repair processes.
3 citations
,
November 2021 in “Frontiers in Genetics” This study suggests that the CXCL8 gene may regulate cashmere fineness in Liaoning cashmere goats, providing new insights into the cellular mechanisms of cashmere growth and quality.
2 citations
,
April 2024 in “Advanced Materials” This study tested a hydrogel microneedle patch delivering T reg attractants in mice with alopecia, finding it boosted regulatory T cell numbers at the site, leading to hair regrowth without causing peripheral immunosuppression, suggesting a potential new approach for autoimmune skin disease treatment.
1 citations
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September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study reviewed the expression of chemokines in patients with alopecia areata, finding elevated Th1 and Th2 chemokine levels, suggesting a complex immune profile that may require broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's underlying immune dysregulation.
1 citations
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April 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that Botryococcus terribilis ethanol extract significantly reduced inflammation markers in LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells, potentially via Axl inhibition and alteration of immune-related gene expression.
April 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that perifollicular vascularization around the dermal papilla adjusts dynamically to physiological changes, with minoxidil enhancing vessel mobilization and aging processes inhibiting it, highlighting potential targets for treating hair loss and skin aging.
November 2025 in “PLoS ONE” This study found that synthetic RNA and DNA trigger significant increases in certain chemokines in human keratinocytes, predominantly via NF-κB activation, without evidence of alternative splicing, suggesting other regulatory pathways may be involved.
October 2025 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that perifollicular vascularization adapts to physiological changes, with minoxidil enhancing capillary growth around the dermal papilla and aging-related factors inhibiting it, suggesting potential interventions for hair loss.
September 2025 in “Figshare” This study conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis revealing a complex chemokine profile in alopecia areata patients, with elevated Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway chemokines, suggesting broader immunomodulatory strategies may help address the disease's multifaceted immune dysregulation.
September 2025 in “Figshare” In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata show a complex serum chemokine profile, predominantly involving Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines, suggesting that broader immunomodulatory strategies might address the diverse immune dysregulation observed in the disease.
September 2025 in “Figshare” In this scoping review and meta-analysis, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata exhibit complex chemokine profiles, with elevated levels of Th1, Th2, and other immune pathway-associated chemokines, suggesting the potential for broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's immune dysregulation.
January 2025 in “Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)” This study found that cytoplasmic nucleic acids significantly increase the expression of certain chemokines in human keratinocytes through NF-κB activation, though the specific receptors involved remain unidentified.
February 2024 in “Advanced Functional Materials” This study reported that a newly developed hydrogel patch, designed to recruit regulatory T cells through ROS-triggered release of CCL22, improved wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in a diabetic mouse model by scavenging ROS, thereby protecting Tregs and suppressing Th17 cells.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study reported that an HS-associated NCSTN mutation in iPSC-derived skin organoids led to altered hair follicle stem cell differentiation and increased expression of proteins linked to HS inflammation.
November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that skin organoids derived from iPSCs with an HS-associated NCSTN mutation showed defects in hair follicle stem cell differentiation and increased expression of inflammatory proteins related to hidradenitis suppurativa.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that the immunological characterization of ichthyoses as psoriasiform or atopic patterns could help improve treatment, highlighting the need for targeted therapies to address itch and skin inflammation.