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Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Activating TLR5 in the gut can extend lifespan and improve health in aged mice.

Topical patidegib gel effectively treats basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin syndrome patients without causing the side effects seen with oral treatments.

Absence of skin rash and low complement C3 levels increase the risk of lupus nephritis.

Rat hair-follicle stem cells can become heart cells with specific supplements.

Dexamethasone affects hair growth by altering levels of proteins that either promote or inhibit hair follicle growth.

Hair cortisol may be a good indicator of recent mood in people with bipolar disorder.

Taking vitamin D might improve life for MS patients and reduce skin side effects from alemtuzumab treatment.

The study found that stem cells and neutrophils are important for regenerating hair follicle structures in mice.

Patients with Discoid Lupus Erythematosus have lower vitamin D and antioxidant levels and higher oxidative stress.

The modified staining method can determine the ABO blood group of hair samples accurately.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, long-lasting stem cells in mouse hair follicles.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a hair loss condition in postmenopausal women, similar to lichen planopilaris, with ineffective treatments.

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

Increasing mir-302 turns human hair cells into stem cells by changing gene regulation and demethylation.

The research found that different types of fibroblasts are involved in wound healing and that some blood cells can turn into fat cells during this process.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Noggin is necessary to start the hair growth phase in skin after birth.