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    Glossary Androgen Receptor

    protein in cells that binds male hormones to regulate genes

    The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of protein found inside cells that binds to androgens, which are male hormones like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This binding activates the receptor, allowing it to enter the cell nucleus and influence the expression of specific genes, playing a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, as well as in conditions like androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness).

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    1. Androgen receptor in rat liver: Characterization and separation from a male-specific estrogen-binding protein Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 1989 · 24 citations
    2. Efficacy of metformin therapy in adolescent girls with androgen excess: relation to sex hormone–binding globulin and androgen receptor polymorphisms Fertility and sterility · 2010 · 15 citations
    3. Relative binding affinity of novel steroids to androgen receptors in hamster prostate Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · 2005 · 5 citations
    4. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain with a coactivator-like peptide and selective androgen receptor modulators Acta crystallographica · 2008 · 1 citations
    5. Discovery of an Androgen Receptor Degrader Featuring a Pyridazinyl Glutarimide CRBN-Binding Motif for Transdermal Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · 2026
    6. QSAR Analysis of a Series of Hydantoin‐based Androgen Receptor Modulators and Corresponding Binding Affinities Molecular Informatics · 2019
    7. Androgen binding profiles of two distinct nuclear androgen receptors in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2000 · 58 citations
    8. The Transcriptional Co-Activator cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein-Binding Protein Is Expressed in Prostate Cancer and Enhances Androgen- and Anti-Androgen-Induced Androgen Receptor Function American Journal of Pathology · 2003 · 72 citations
    9. Androgen receptor inhibits the hair follicle induction potential of dermal papilla cells by binding with Tcf4 at the A574 binding site Genes & Diseases · 2022 · 4 citations
    10. SAT-288 Successful Virilization of a PAIS Patient with a Missense Mutation In The Ligand-binding Domain Of The Androgen Receptor with Combined High-dose Testosterone and Aromatase Inhibitor Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2019
    11. Testosterone Reduces Knee Passive Range of Motion and Expression of Relaxin Receptor Isoforms via 5α-Dihydrotestosterone and Androgen Receptor Binding International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2014 · 23 citations
    12. Anti-Alopecia Activity of Coumarin Derivatives Isolated from Merremia peltata Leaves and Computational Study of Their Binding to Androgen Receptors Using Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Pharmaceuticals · 2023 · 2 citations
    13. BindingDB Entry 50021519: Discovery of (2S)-N-(6-Cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide as a Highly Potent and Selective Topical Androgen Receptor Antagonist for Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. 2025
    14. Increased Androgen Binding Capacity in Sebaceous Glands in Scalp of Male-pattern Baldness Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1989 · 51 citations
    15. 7 Regulation of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase in the skin of normal and hirsute women Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986 · 35 citations
    16. Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2001 · 93 citations
    17. Mechanisms that regulate androgen receptor transcriptional activity Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · 2019
    18. <i>In Vitro</i>and<i>in Vivo</i>Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Androgen Receptor Ligands with Multiple Substituents in the B-Ring Endocrinology · 2005 · 20 citations
    19. Intermolecular NH2-/Carboxyl-terminal Interactions in Androgen Receptor Dimerization Revealed by Mutations That Cause Androgen Insensitivity 1998 · 227 citations
    20. A Mutation of the Androgen Receptor Associated with Partial Androgen Resistance, Familial Gynecomastia, and Fertility* The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1988 · 67 citations
    21. Intermolecular NH 2 -/Carboxyl-terminal Interactions in Androgen Receptor Dimerization Revealed by Mutations That Cause Androgen Insensitivity UNC Libraries · 2021 · 2 citations
    22. Androgen receptor modulators: a review of recent patents and reports (2012-2018) Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · 2019 · 23 citations
    23. Novel Missense Mutation in the P-Box of Androgen Receptor in a Patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Endocrine journal · 2008 · 3 citations
    24. Allosteric interactions prime androgen receptor dimerization and activation bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2022 · 1 citations
    25. Androgen Receptors and Androgen-Dependent Initiation of Protein Synthesis in the Prostate Vitamins and hormones · 1976 · 59 citations
    26. Androgen Regulation of the Human Hair Follicle: The Type I Hair Keratin hHa7 Is a Direct Target Gene in Trichocytes Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2004 · 49 citations
    27. Thyroid hormones and androgens differentially regulate gene expression in testes and ovaries of sexually mature Silurana tropicalis General and comparative endocrinology · 2018 · 13 citations
    28. Androgen antagonists in androgen target tissues Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 1984 · 27 citations
    29. Molecular genetics of androgen insensitivity Adolescent and pediatric gynecology · 1995
    30. The Molecular Basis of Androgen Insensitivity Hormone Research in Paediatrics · 2000 · 25 citations