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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Recent genetic insights show that low-renin hypertension includes a range from essential hypertension to secondary or familial forms, affecting diagnosis and treatment.

Girls with PCOS during adolescence have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and early treatment can help manage this risk.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.

Immune cells affect hair growth and could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.

PCOS is a complex disorder managed by treating symptoms and requires a team of specialists.

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Cheonggukjang may help prevent and manage various diseases and improve overall health, but its odor and safety concerns need addressing.

An enzyme other than TNAP might be responsible for vitamin B-6 metabolism in the skin.

Insulin resistance is linked to high male hormone levels in women, often seen in those with PCOS.

Mutations in certain receptors can cause diseases and offer new treatment options.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Betacoronaviruses, like COVID-19, may cause hormone system dysfunction and affect disease susceptibility and severity.

All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.

The oral glucose tolerance test is effective in detecting abnormal glucose tolerance in Indian women with PCOS.

Most hirsutism cases are due to PCOS, and treatment focuses on lowering testosterone and blocking its effects.

Sebaceous glands play a key role in skin health, immunity, and various skin diseases.

Higher hs-CRP levels in Indian adolescent women with PCOS are more related to BMI than PCOS itself.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS is crucial to reduce emotional distress and health risks.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Minoxidil and finasteride can help with hair loss, but more research is needed to improve treatments for certain types of hair loss.

The N363S gene variant does not cause higher adrenal androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

High glucocorticoids cause pancreatic malfunction and malabsorption, reversible with enzyme supplements.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

Puberty often causes skin issues like acne and excessive sweating, and treatments require patience as results may vary.

People with alopecia areata have higher insulin resistance.