TLDR Girls with PCOS during adolescence have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and early treatment can help manage this risk.
The document from 2014 examines the link between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents and the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It outlines the complexity of diagnosing PCOS during puberty due to overlapping symptoms but stresses the importance of early detection to manage long-term metabolic risks. The prevalence of PCOS is lower in adolescents than adults, with obesity exacerbating the condition. Insulin resistance is a key factor in PCOS pathogenesis, and insulin sensitization can improve symptoms. Lipotoxicity and adipose tissue dysfunction are also implicated in PCOS and T2DM development. Early life factors and genetic predisposition contribute to PCOS, with interventions like metformin showing promise in reducing the risk. The document also discusses the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in obese adolescents with PCOS, and the need for targeted treatment, including lifestyle changes, oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizers, and anti-androgens. An open-label trial with 34 adolescents showed that combination therapy with low doses of pioglitazone, metformin, and flutamide was more effective than oral contraceptives alone in treating PCOS and improving cardiovascular risk factors. The document concludes with the recommendation for screening and prevention of T2DM in adolescent girls with PCOS, considering the potential adverse effects of oral contraceptives on glucose tolerance and the benefits of insulin sensitizers.
1265 citations,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.
212 citations,
May 2010 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is challenging and should use strict criteria to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary worry.
815 citations,
April 2010 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.
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November 2009 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” PCOS in teens is hard to diagnose, linked to genetics and lifestyle, and managed with weight loss and medication.
1744 citations,
August 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome should be seen mainly as a condition of excess male hormones, with a focus on this in its definition.
4025 citations,
December 2003 in “Human Reproduction” The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and linked PCOS to higher risks of diabetes and heart problems, recommending lifestyle changes to lower these risks.
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July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic ovary syndrome is found in 6.5% of unselected Caucasian women in Spain.
633 citations,
September 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” PCOS affects a similar percentage of Black and White women in the Southeastern United States.
January 2001 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Early signs of PCOS in girls, like irregular periods and polycystic ovaries, suggest a need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent further health issues.
200 citations,
October 2009 in “European journal of endocrinology” Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.
8 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.
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May 2009 in “Wiley-Blackwell eBooks” Early treatment of PCOS in teens is crucial to prevent long-term health issues like diabetes and heart disease.
44 citations,
September 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” New treatments are needed for PCOS that target its genetic, hormonal, and metabolic causes.