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Genetic variations greatly affect individual metabolism and can impact health and disease risk.

Brothers of women with PCOS tend to have higher levels of a hormone called DHEAS, indicating a possible genetic link.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Orlistat helped reduce weight and testosterone in obese women with PCOS but did not significantly affect other androgens or cholesterol levels.

Birth control pills change the activity of certain inflammation and blood clotting genes in women with PCOS.

Some women with PCOS have rare genetic variants linked to the condition.

Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have menstrual issues, infertility, acne, and excessive body hair, with the most common type being the non-androgenic phenotype.

A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.

Pregnant women with PCOS have higher levels of Neurokinin B in the placenta, especially with female babies.

Different types of PCOS need specific diagnosis methods and treatments.

Genes and epigenetic changes are important in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Hyperandrogenism is a common hormonal disorder in women, often linked to PCOS.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, a condition with symptoms like increased hair growth and acne, is usually caused by PCOS but can also be due to other factors. It's diagnosed by checking testosterone levels and treated either by removing the adrenal tumor or through antiandrogen therapy.

A toddler with a rare adrenal gland tumor causing male-like physical changes was successfully treated with surgery.

Hyperandrogenism, often causing excessive hair growth and acne, can be treated with methods like weight reduction, hair removal, various medications, and in the case of acne, topical treatments.

A woman's hair loss and other symptoms were due to a rare hormone deficiency treatable with steroids.

Kids with alopecia areata had lower vitamin D levels than healthy kids.

The conclusion is that endocrinology significantly impacts medicine with various common medications used for treatment.

A 3-year-old with vitamin D-resistant rickets and severe hair loss died despite treatment, highlighting the need for improved management of the condition.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Enzymes are classified into six types and are essential for many biological processes, with only a few targeted by drugs.

Estrogen deficiency can reduce the enzyme activity needed to activate vitamin D.

Certain drugs that block specific enzymes can help treat prostate diseases.

Minoxidil slows fibroblast growth and collagen production, potentially treating keloids, hypertrophic scars, and connective tissue disorders.

Skin problems in older people can indicate hormonal diseases, nutritional deficiencies, or conditions like diabetes, menopause, and HIV.

Minoxidil affects collagen-related genes, potentially helping treat fibrosis.

Most women with depression in the study had low vitamin D levels.

A girl's hair-pulling condition improved greatly after she started vitamin D treatment.