Immune-Molecular Link Between Thyroid and Skin Autoimmune Diseases: A Narrative Review

September 2024 in “ Journal of Clinical Medicine ”

Palma Carlucci, Federico Spataro, Mattia Cristallo, Mario Di Gioacchino, Eustachio Nettis, Sebastiano Gangemi

TLDR Thyroid and skin autoimmune diseases share genetic and immune links, affecting both tissues.

This narrative review examines the immune-molecular connections between autoimmune thyroid diseases and various autoimmune skin disorders, such as Psoriasis, Lichen Planus, Vitiligo, Atopic Dermatitis, and Alopecia Areata. It identifies shared genetic markers and immunological mechanisms, including disrupted immune tolerance and oxidative stress, which contribute to chronic inflammation. Genetic factors like IL-23 receptor gene variants and CTLA-4 mutations are linked to increased susceptibility. The review suggests that similar antigens in skin cells and thyrocytes may explain the concurrent impact on both tissues. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches and further research to clarify specific immunological pathways and identify new biomarkers for improved treatment strategies. Additionally, it highlights the role of stress-induced signal molecules, T-helper cells, and genetic factors in linking thyroid and skin autoimmune diseases, recommending routine thyroid screening for certain patients.

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