Identification and Dissection of an Enhancer Controlling Epithelial Gene Expression in Skin

February 2001 in “ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ”

Satrajit Sinha, Elaine Fuchs

keratinocyte K14 gene DNase I hypersensitive sites inner root sheath basal keratinocytes outer root sheath CACCC-box binding proteins Sp1 family transcription factors transgenic mice

TLDR A specific DNA region controls skin cell gene expression by working with certain proteins.

The study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of keratinocyte-specific gene expression in the skin, focusing on the enhancer elements of the K14 gene. Researchers identified DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs) II and III as crucial for this regulation. HS III alone directed expression to inner root sheath (IRS) keratinocytes, while the combination of HSs II and III shifted expression to basal keratinocytes and the outer root sheath (ORS). The study highlighted the role of CACCC-box binding proteins, Sp1 family members, and other factors in this process, emphasizing the cooperative interaction of HSs and transcription factors. The research, involving transgenic mice, underscored the complex interplay of transcription factors required for tissue- and differentiation-specific expression in skin.

View this study on pnas.org →

Discuss this study in the Community →

Research cited in this study

7 / 7 results

research The Tissue-Dependent Keratin 19 Gene Transcription Is Regulated by GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1

119 citations , September 2000 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1 control Keratin 19 gene activity, influencing cancer-related changes.

research Multiple Roles for Activated LEF/TCF Transcription Complexes During Hair Follicle Development and Differentiation

990 citations , October 1999 in “Development”

Activated LEF/TCF complexes are crucial for hair development and cycling.

research The Proximal Promoter of the Human Transglutaminase 3 Gene

105 citations , February 1996 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.

research The Epidermis: Rising to the Surface

238 citations , October 1994 in “Current opinion in genetics & development”

The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.

research Probing Keratinocyte and Differentiation Specificity of the Human K5 Promoter In Vitro and In Transgenic Mice

133 citations , June 1993 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

The human K5 promoter controls specific gene expression in skin cells, with key regulatory elements near the TATA box.

research The Secret Life of the Hair Follicle

745 citations , February 1992 in “Trends in genetics”

Hair follicles create different cell layers and proteins, controlled by various molecules.

research Keratins 1 and 10 as Regular Constituents of Inner Root Sheath and Cuticle Cells in the Human Hair Follicle

44 citations , August 1990 in “PubMed”

Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.

Related Community Posts Join

6 / 44 results

community New and Interesting HairLoss Studies/Papers/Reviews

in Treatment 40 upvotes 6 years ago

Hair loss treatments discussed include Dutasteride with Ketoconazole, tissue engineering strategies, and androgenetic alopecia therapies. Massage doubles follicular retention, improving treatment effectiveness.

community Minoxidil Response Bottlenecks: Why Sulfation and Transport Matter (And Where Tretinoin Fits In)

nkrata in Research 461 upvotes 9 months ago

Minoxidil's effectiveness is limited by the need for sulfation and proper transport to hair follicles, with tretinoin potentially enhancing its effects by promoting enzyme activity and keratinocyte differentiation. Tretinoin may improve minoxidil's response by boosting the expression of necessary enzymes and transporters.

community SAFFLOWER OIL good alternative for Minoxidil?

in Treatment 1 upvotes 6 years ago

Safflower oil is suggested as an alternative to minoxidil for hair growth, with benefits including scalp conditioning and hair strength enhancement. Studies indicate it may also reverse scalp dermatitis, alopecia, and prevent premature grayness.

community Comprehensive Microneedling Guide

in Microneedling 295 upvotes 3 years ago

Microneedling for hair restoration involves daily use of a 0.3 mm device and weekly use of a 0.5 mm device. Combining microneedling with Minoxidil can enhance hair growth.

community Minoxidil is NOT an Anti-androgen. No.

in Research/Science 43 upvotes 3 months ago

Minoxidil is not an anti-androgen; it is a growth stimulator and does not lower DHT like finasteride or dutasteride. Minoxidil can cause side effects like facial swelling and anxiety due to its vasodilator properties.

community Is tazarotene potentially better than tretinoin in combination with topical minoxidil?

in Chat 1 upvotes 4 months ago

Tazarotene may be more effective than tretinoin when combined with topical minoxidil for hair loss due to its selective binding to RAR-beta and gamma, though it can cause irritation. Tazarotene's potency can lead to indirect inflammatory reactions despite potentially causing less irritation than tretinoin.

Related Research

5 / 5 results

research Identification and Dissection of an Enhancer Controlling Epithelial Gene Expression in Skin

29 citations , February 2001 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

A specific DNA region controls skin cell gene expression by working with certain proteins.

research Delayed Wound Healing in Keratin 6a Knockout Mice

149 citations , July 2000 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Keratin 6a is important for quick wound healing from hair follicles.

research Overexpression of Human Keratin 16 Produces a Distinct Skin Phenotype in Transgenic Mouse Skin

25 citations , September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology”

High levels of human keratin 16 in mice cause skin lesions and abnormal skin development.

research A 5'-Upstream Region of a Bovine Keratin 6 Gene Confers Tissue-Specific Expression and Hyperproliferation-Related Induction in Transgenic Mice

46 citations , May 1995 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

A specific gene region can control targeted and responsive gene expression in mice, useful for skin disorder treatments.

research Skin-Specific Expression of a Truncated E1a Oncoprotein Binding to p105-Rb Leads to Abnormal Hair Follicle Maturation Without Increased Epidermal Proliferation

30 citations , June 1993 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

The oncoprotein causes abnormal hair growth without increasing skin cancer risk.