The Tissue-Dependent Keratin 19 Gene Transcription Is Regulated by GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1

The study explored the regulation of the keratin 19 (K19) gene, focusing on the roles of transcription factors GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1 in esophageal and pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that the K19 promoter was active in certain cancer cells, with the Sp1 binding site at -62 bp being crucial for its activity. GKLF had a higher binding affinity and was the main factor in cells with low Sp1 levels. Overexpression of these factors in pancreatic acinar cells led to abnormal K19 expression, similar to pancreatic cancer, highlighting their role in tissue-specific gene expression and cancer. The research provided insights into the differential regulation of K19, suggesting its potential as a marker for pancreatic ductal cells.