TLDR The document concludes that recent research has improved understanding of skin diseases and the balance between cell growth and differentiation in the epidermis.
The document from 1994 discusses the protective function of the epidermis, highlighting its complex cytoskeletal structure made of keratin filaments. It notes that recent research has shed light on the molecular basis of skin diseases related to keratins, laminins, and collagen. Additionally, the document emphasizes the role of transcription factors such as AP-1, AP-2, retinoic acid receptors, and POU proteins in regulating epidermal genes. Furthermore, it mentions that studies involving transgenic models and gene ablation of TGF-α and TGF-β have provided insights into the epidermis's ability to maintain a balance between cell growth and differentiation.
104 citations
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July 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” The study explored the role of basonuclin, a protein with zinc fingers and a nuclear localization signal, in keratinocytes. It was primarily expressed in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelia and hair follicles. Basonuclin was associated with the ability of keratinocytes to multiply and was absent in cells undergoing terminal differentiation. In cultured keratinocytes, the loss of basonuclin mRNA correlated with reduced colony-forming ability and increased involucrin mRNA, indicating terminal differentiation. In hair follicles, basonuclin was abundant in the outer root sheath, suggesting its role in maintaining proliferative capacity and preventing differentiation. Basonuclin was not a cell cycle marker but likely a regulatory molecule crucial for keratinocyte proliferation.
79 citations
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June 1993 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” The K5 promoter controls gene expression in skin cells, with specific DNA segments crucial for targeting and regulation.
578 citations
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April 1993 in “Cell” TGFα gene mutation in mice causes abnormal skin, wavy hair, curly whiskers, and sometimes eye inflammation.
409 citations
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May 1991 in “Genes & Development” TGF-alpha affects skin thickness, hair growth, and may contribute to psoriasis and papilloma formation.
686 citations
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February 2002 in “Current Opinion in Cell Biology” Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.
