This review of 24 studies examined hair transplantation in women and found that while both genders experience significant psychosocial impacts from hair loss, women often face greater stigma and present different thinning patterns, requiring tailored surgical techniques and considerations.
December 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Immune system issues may contribute to female pattern hair loss.
Among young male patients in a cardiac care setting, this study found that 54.4% had androgenetic alopecia, supporting the hypothesis that vertex pattern baldness could indicate a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
12 citations
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May 1989 in “Postgraduate Medicine” This article discusses treatments for male pattern baldness, noting that minoxidil is effective for improving baldness at the scalp vertex in young men, and reports no new clinical results.
3 citations
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July 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study reported that polyamine levels, especially N-acetyl polyamines, were higher in the vertex region of the scalp than in the occipital region in patients with male and female pattern hair loss.
July 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” This study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had increased scalp microbial diversity and reduced Staphylococcus abundance, particularly in the frontal and vertex regions, suggesting this dysbiosis as a sensitive indicator of AGA.
December 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This paper introduces the Vertex Overload Framework for androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that chronic mechanical and thermal stress on the vertex contributes to hair follicle miniaturization, with androgens acting as co-mediators of stress adaptation rather than isolated causes.
April 2024 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” This study suggests that lichen planopilaris should be considered as a potential diagnosis in African American women with scarring alopecia, often displaying an "arrowhead" distribution pattern, which may guide treatment strategies.
January 2009 in “Revista de Ciências Médicas” This review summarizes various treatment options for male androgenetic alopecia, noting that few demonstrate effective results, and reports no new clinical findings.
16 citations
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January 2000 in “Dermatology” This study found that men with X-linked recessive ichthyosis did not show mutual exclusivity with androgenetic alopecia, as some exhibited advanced hair loss.
9 citations
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November 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some men can have female pattern baldness without hormonal abnormalities or signs of feminization.
This study developed expert consensus guidelines on using low-dose oral and topical minoxidil for pattern hair loss around hair transplant surgery, recommending specific doses, monitoring practices, and timing of use for both male and female patients.
August 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” In this randomized controlled trial, oral minoxidil at 2.5 mg daily was more effective than topical minoxidil for increasing hair thickness, counts, and density in men with androgenetic alopecia, demonstrating more significant improvements and better compliance over six months.
June 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that among various treatments for male androgenetic alopecia, dutasteride 0.5 mg/day was the most effective option overall. Additionally, among FDA-approved treatments, topical minoxidil 5% was the most effective topical therapy, and finasteride 1 mg/day was the most effective oral therapy.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Medical Arts” This study found that a topical 1.0% sildenafil citrate solution significantly increased vellus and terminal hairs in women with female pattern hair loss without affecting hair thickness, suggesting it may be a promising treatment option.
January 2024 in “Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy” The study found that combining a 655nm low-level laser helmet with 2% minoxidil resulted in better improvement in hair diameter and intermediate hair enlargement at the midscalp among Chinese women with FPHL.
January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology” A man had an unusual type of hair loss that didn't match known patterns and didn't improve with treatment.
This case report describes a 21-year-old man with alopecia areata presenting as a U-shaped hair loss pattern resembling Hamilton grade VII male-pattern baldness, with no signs of inflammation or related conditions.
3 citations
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May 2020 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” In this study, platelet-rich plasma injections improved hair density by 19.17% in men with androgenetic alopecia over six months, although results varied by alopecia pattern.
February 2026 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This study established consensus-based guidelines for using low-dose oral and topical minoxidil in managing pattern hair loss for patients undergoing hair transplant surgery, recommending specific dosages, monitoring procedures, and timing for initiation post-surgery.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that among transgender men undergoing long-term testosterone therapy, a severe pattern of androgenetic alopecia may indicate increased arterial stiffness, as measured by higher intima-media thickness of the carotid artery.
January 2008 in “LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)” This study found that the gene for the enzyme aromatase is expressed in scalp hair follicles of women and is negatively correlated with LH levels, potentially reflecting the hormonal environment of hair follicles in PCOS.
67 citations
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September 1997 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This article explores aesthetic techniques in follicular hair transplantation, emphasizing natural-looking results and plans to present a case study, but it reports no new clinical findings.
8 citations
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July 2014 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This article discusses a case of alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, and trichostasis spinulosa, highlighting how dermoscopy can help differentiate black dots from trichostasis spinulosa lesions, but it reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
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October 2020 in “Cermin Dunia Kedokteran” This study reported complete clinical clearance of tinea capitis in a 3-year-old boy after 8 weeks of treatment with oral griseofulvin and ketoconazole shampoo.
December 2025 in “Al-Azhar International Medical Journal /Al-Azhar International Medical Journal” This study compared the diagnostic effectiveness of Folliscope and Trichoscope in 100 men with androgenetic alopecia, concluding that using both methods enhances diagnostic accuracy by providing complementary insights—Trichoscope highlights patterns while Folliscope offers objective measurements.
January 2022 in “Clinical Cases in Dermatology” This review discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia, emphasizing a multifactorial approach and reporting no new clinical results.
28 citations
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June 2010 in “European Journal of Cancer” This study found that androgenic alopecia at an early age was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer, contrary to assumptions about androgens' role.
53 citations
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March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that androgenetic alopecia is the leading cause of hair loss in adolescents and may indicate endocrine disorders, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis.
37 citations
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April 2013 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” This study found that environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and testosterone levels may significantly influence various forms of hair loss in male identical twins.