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Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

Pica disorder in central Iraq is mainly found in females and is linked to low iron levels; treatment with iron improves most patients.

Longer anogenital distance may indicate a higher chance of having polycystic ovary syndrome, and measuring this distance along with hormone levels could improve diagnosis.

HNG may help prevent the negative effects of chemotherapy on sperm production and white blood cell counts.

Stem cell therapy is promising for treating various health conditions, but more research is needed to understand its full potential and address challenges.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

The document concludes that low-dose oral contraceptives and hormonal therapies can manage perimenopause symptoms and reduce some health risks, but lifestyle changes and disease screening are also important.

Pumpkin seed oil may improve prostate health, bladder control, and hair growth in men.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.

Split-thickness skin grafts are a good alternative for urethral reconstruction when buccal grafts can't be used.

The MAPK/ERK pathway is crucial in controlling cell growth and death in finasteride-induced hypospadias.

Higher urethral PSA levels after prostate removal may be linked to more scalp hair loss and more PSA in urethral glands.

After prostate removal surgery, higher initial prostate size was linked to higher urethral PSA levels and more severe male pattern baldness.

Higher urethral PSA levels after prostate removal surgery may be linked to more hair loss and higher PSA levels post-surgery.

The best method for urethral reconstruction is using hypoxia-preconditioned stem cells with autologous cells on a vascularized synthetic scaffold.

A new method using a Foley catheter on a ureteroscope makes difficult urethral catheterization easier and more effective.

Opioid use may lower PSA levels, suggesting a possible role in prostate cancer control; PSA testing is useful for detecting prostate cancer; serum triglycerides are not linked to prostate cancer risk; and higher urethral PSA levels may be associated with local hormone activity.

Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.

In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.

An 8-year-old boy with bed-wetting issues suffered a severe penile injury from tying a thread around his penis, requiring urgent medical treatment to avoid worse outcomes.

Cell transplantation faces challenges in genitourinary reconstruction, but alternative tissue sources and microencapsulation show promise.

A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.

PSA testing is a reliable method for detecting prostate cancer, and opioids may lower PSA levels, but triglycerides don't affect prostate cancer risk.

The document does not confirm if radical prostatectomy is the best treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer.

Laser hair removal before genital surgery can prevent complications and improve patient satisfaction.

Buccal mucosa grafts work well for urethroplasty in rabbits.

Some medications caused temporary health issues that improved after stopping the drugs, but two patients died from liver problems linked to carbamazepine.

Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.