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All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of different types of hair loss requires careful examination of hair and scalp tissue, considering both clinical and microscopic features.

Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

Minoxidil and finasteride effectively treat hair loss.

Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.

Trichoscopy is a useful non-invasive method for diagnosing different hair loss conditions.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

Feather growth and regeneration involve complex patterns, stem cells, and evolutionary insights.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

Hair shedding is an active process that could be targeted to treat hair loss.

COVID-19 can cause various skin lesions, which may result from the virus and immune response, and are not directly linked to illness severity.

White lupin uses specific genes to grow root hairs and access phosphorus when it's scarce.

Biotin supplements may improve hair and nail growth in people with certain deficiencies or conditions, but there's not enough evidence to recommend it for healthy individuals.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

Fat cells are important for healthy skin, hair growth, and healing, and changes in these cells can affect skin conditions and aging.

Hair grays due to oxidative stress and fewer functioning melanocytes.

Papain and bisulfite break down human hair by dissolving parts of it.

Mutations in the DSG4 gene can cause a rare hair disorder similar to monilethrix.

The protein folliculin, involved in a rare disease, works with another protein to control how cells stick together and their organization, and changes in this interaction can lead to disease symptoms.

Frequent hair coloring and styling can damage hair and cause breakage or loss.

Human hair follicles can regenerate after removal, but with low success rate.

Genetic differences may affect COVID-19 deaths; anti-androgens could be potential treatment.

Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.

Treatment with plasma rich in growth factors improved hair density and thickness for hair loss patients.

Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.

Dermatoscopy is a useful tool for diagnosing hair disorders and can help choose samples for more detailed analysis.

The new assay can track and measure melanosome transfer between skin cells, confirming filopodia's role in this process.

Shampoos are designed to clean and improve hair and scalp health, with specific ingredients for different hair types and conditions.

Skin problems are very common in people with end-stage kidney disease.

The document concludes that there are no effective clinical treatments for hearing loss due to hair cell damage, but research is ongoing.