Vitiligo
December 1988
in “
International Journal of Dermatology
”
TLDR Vitiligo causes white skin patches and is linked to autoimmune issues.
Vitiligo, affecting at least 1% of the global population, was a significant sociopsychological issue, particularly in darker-skinned individuals. The exact cause was unclear, but hypotheses included genetic, autoimmune, neurogenic, and melanocyte self-destruction theories, with the autoimmune hypothesis supported by associations with other autoimmune conditions. Vitiligo presented as milky-white macules, often around body orifices and trauma areas, with an unpredictable course and usually insufficient spontaneous repigmentation. Histopathologically, it was marked by the absence of melanin and a mononuclear cell infiltrate at lesion margins. The disease was classified into three types based on melanocyte activity: absolute, relative type I, and relative type II. In 7 out of 50 cases, infiltrates caused basal cell layer dissolution, and inactive melanocytes could become active in repigmented areas.