Symbiotic In Vitro Seed Propagation of Dendrobium: Fungal and Bacterial Partners and Their Influence on Plant Growth and Development

The document from 2015 reviews the role of symbiotic relationships with fungi and bacteria in the in vitro propagation of Dendrobium orchids, emphasizing their importance for seed germination and plant development. It highlights that while seeds can begin germination without fungi, mycorrhizal colonization is crucial for further growth. Studies showed that fungal isolates like Tulasnella and Epulorhiza significantly increased germination rates in Dendrobium species, with some strains achieving over 98% success. The review also discusses the positive impact of inoculating seedlings with specific fungi, which can lead to substantial increases in plant height, bud number, and weight. Additionally, the presence of beneficial bacteria in the roots can fix nitrogen and produce growth regulators, aiding plant development. The document suggests that a balanced consortium of microorganisms is key for resisting pathogens and enhancing growth, and that bacterization can improve plant adaptation to ex vitro conditions. The authors advocate for further research into these symbiotic relationships and their potential for orchid conservation and reintroduction.