717 citations
,
June 2010 in “Nature” This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.
191 citations
,
May 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study reviewed recent theories on alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting its autoimmune nature due to immune privilege disruption in hair follicles, and noted current treatments have limited efficacy with high relapse rates, underscoring the need for further research into its mechanisms for better therapies.
40 citations
,
October 2012 in “Dermatologic clinics” This review highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms in alopecia areata to develop evidence-based treatments, but it provides no new experimental results.
1 citations
,
January 2014 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” This review discusses various treatment options for Alopecia Areata, focusing on both medical and psychological approaches, and reports no new clinical results.
16 citations
,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” This article reviews treatment options and psychological impacts of alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings.
2 citations
,
November 2020 in “Der Hautarzt” This case report suggests an association between the use of Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, and the development of alopecia universalis in a diabetic patient.
99 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology” This review noted that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease impacting hair follicles and offered insights into its complex pathogenesis involving immune responses, while highlighting ongoing research into new treatments such as Janus kinase inhibitors and other immunomodulatory drugs.
14 citations
,
March 2022 in “Journal of inflammation research” This review discusses the application and potential of baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, for treating dermatological diseases like alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results.
12 citations
,
May 2017 in “Pharmacology & therapeutics” This review discusses the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance failure in alopecia areata and highlights potential therapeutic avenues for restoring hair growth and achieving sustained remission, but reports no new clinical results.
In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata is linked to immune cell activation against hair follicle autoantigens and is associated with heart changes and cardiac marker alterations in humans and mice.
290 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights recent advancements, but it does not report new clinical findings.
68 citations
,
May 2016 in “Experimental dermatology” This review discusses what is known about the pathobiology of frontal fibrosing alopecia and reports no new clinical findings, highlighting potential environmental and genetic factors in disease pathogenesis.
53 citations
,
March 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” The document explains different types of hair loss, their causes, and treatments, and suggests future research areas.
2 citations
,
January 2013 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains the genetic causes and characteristics of inherited hair disorders.
144 citations
,
July 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This review reports that alopecia areata affects about 2% of people globally and is linked with psychiatric and medical comorbidities, highlighting its significant disease burden.
35 citations
,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review summarizes current and emerging treatments for common hair loss conditions, highlighting good evidence for androgenetic alopecia but noting the lack of long-term data for alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias.
80 citations
,
April 2018 in “Trends in Molecular Medicine” This review discusses the roles of interferon-γ and PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in scarring alopecia, suggesting these pathways as potential therapeutic targets, but it reports no new empirical results.
40 citations
,
August 2022 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors as a promising treatment strategy for alopecia areata, highlighting their mechanism and recent FDA approval based on clinical trial efficacy.
421 citations
,
April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
23 citations
,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study highlights rapid advances in alopecia areata treatment following the identification of genetic variants associated with increased disease risk, suggesting potential for precision medicine approaches.
53 citations
,
July 2018 in “Drug design, development and therapy” This review summarizes existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for improved topical formulations.
46 citations
,
October 2018 in “JCI insight” In this study, the researchers found that treatment with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib in alopecia areata patients may reduce clonal CD8+ T cell expansions but does not eliminate them entirely, which could contribute to disease relapse.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “Genes” This review discusses the role of cutaneous and intestinal microbiota in the development of alopecia areata, summarizing current literature without reporting new clinical results.
45 citations
,
May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.
21 citations
,
April 2025 in “MedComm” This review explores the complex factors involved in alopecia areata, such as immune and genetic influences, and discusses advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while reporting no new clinical results.
September 2025 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” In this update, researchers incorporated TGA-approved Janus Kinase inhibitors into the Australian treatment guidelines for chronic, moderate to severe Alopecia areata, aiming to enhance recommended therapies by providing guidance on the use and management of these systemic medications.
106 citations
,
January 2013 in “Clinical and Developmental Immunology” This review discusses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of immune privilege collapse in hair follicles but reports no clinical results.
3 citations
,
July 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This review discusses the association between emotional stress-related neuropeptides and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, reporting no new experimental findings.
April 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This study examines the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions alopecia areata and vitiligo, highlighting shared features like immune cell involvement and cytokine pathways, while noting differing immune responses in skin and hair.
April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study suggests a connection between the unfolded protein response and upregulation of NKG2D ligands in stressed hair follicles, highlighting a potential role of PRDX5 in alopecia areata pathogenesis.