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This study found IL-17/IL-36 signaling to be predominant in both endotypes of Netherton syndrome, with distinct molecular profiles between NS-ILC and NS-SE lesions, offering potential therapeutic targets.

In this single-cell transcriptomic study, researchers analyzed AA scalp samples and found distinct immune and nonimmune cell activation patterns, with elevated TH1/TH2 and JAK/STAT markers potentially contributing to hair follicle immune privilege disruption and disease severity.

In this case report, researchers documented a 71-year-old woman with both alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid who showed significant improvement using dupilumab after other treatments failed, highlighting its potential for autoimmune diseases with overlapping inflammatory mechanisms.

Alopecia areata patients are more likely to develop keloids, especially if they also have atopic dermatitis.

Higher levels of IL-1a and IL-1RA were found in severe alopecia areata cases.

This review examines the interconnected processes of atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, highlighting shared immune imbalances, genetic factors, and microbiome influences, while analyzing current and emerging treatments and identifying gaps in understanding these overlapping conditions.

This study found that the p63 transcription factor plays a role in epidermal morphogenesis by regulating Satb1 expression, impacting chromatin architecture and gene expression in epidermal progenitor cells.

Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.

This review discusses the regulatory roles of type 2 alarmin cytokines in skin immunity, focusing on their implications in host defense, chronic inflammation, and cancer, but reports no new clinical results.

Ebastine may help regrow hair in alopecia areata patients.

This study suggests that targeting specific immune pathways, such as IL-12/23 and Th2 cytokines, may offer new treatment options for alopecia areata, a T-cell-mediated disease without current mechanism-specific therapies.

This study identified key mRNAs and lncRNAs, along with related pathways, that play potentially important roles in hair follicle development and cycling in cashmere goats.

This study found that inducing hair follicles into the anagen-onset stage in mice enhances the immune response to a topically applied DNA vaccine against anthrax.

In this study, repeated pregnancies in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus altered skin inflammation and cytokine expression but worsened kidney function and survival compared to controls.

The study was retracted.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

This review of 32 articles suggests a stronger association between alopecia areata and allergic rhinitis than asthma in both adults and children, indicating a potential Th2-mediated component.

This study found that total serum IgE levels were elevated in patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting a possible involvement of IgE and Th2 cytokines in its pathogenesis.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This study found a significant overlap between gene expression signatures of alopecia areata and certain chronic inflammatory skin disorders, suggesting shared biological processes may drive their co-occurrence and providing a foundation for future research into distinct comorbid subtypes.

In this study involving a murine skin infection model, researchers found that the Trichophyton mentagrophytes strain TIMM 2789, specific to rodents, induced typical symptoms of superficial dermatophytosis, while revealing that the fungal gene SUB6 is not essential for virulence.

In this study, ritlecitinib treatment for 12 and 24 weeks downregulated immunity-related genes and upregulated hair keratin genes in patients with alopecia areata, correlating with scalp hair regrowth response.

This study found that pediatric alopecia areata patients with atopic predisposition showed heightened immune and inflammatory responses, including significant immune cell infiltration, compared to adults and healthy controls.

In this animal study, researchers found that local administration of mesenchymal stem cell therapy improved hair regrowth and reduced local inflammatory cytokines in mice with Alopecia Areata, although systemic cytokine levels were unchanged.

This study identified distinct immune differences in patients with alopecia areata, particularly those with atopic backgrounds, and highlighted the OX40 axis as a potential therapeutic target for the condition.

This study reported that a novel cationic liposome formulation for delivering encapsulated Cas9 protein and sgRNA successfully decreased SRD5α2 mRNA expression by 29.7% in vitro, suggesting a potential alternative treatment option for conditions like prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia without current drug side effects.

This study observed that both ritlecitinib and brepocitinib improved scalp biomarkers in patients with alopecia areata, with associations to hair regrowth seen in this phase 2a trial.

This review discusses recent findings on the mechanisms driving bullous pemphigoid, highlighting epitope spreading and the roles of regulatory T cells, and reports no new experimental results.

This study reported that in a case series of three adolescents with alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis, treatment with 15 mg/day of upadacitinib led to rapid improvement in skin symptoms and significant hair regrowth over 12 months, with no severe adverse events observed.

This study demonstrated the expression of type 1 interferon-related proteins in inflammatory lesions of alopecia areata, showing a distinct distribution pattern compared to cicatricial alopecia.