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This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

This study found no differences in ovarian function between renal transplant recipients treated with either cyclosporin A or azathioprine and prednisone, although excessive hair growth was common in both groups.

The researchers suggest that testosterone levels might influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, with low levels potentially protecting against infection but possibly worsening severe disease due to cytokine storm activation.

This study discovered that TTR is expressed in the human placenta as early as 6 weeks gestation, with increased levels in the first trimester potentially facilitating thyroid hormone delivery to the fetus.

This study found that dihydrotestosterone treatment may be more beneficial for height in children with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency compared to testosterone enanthate, especially in the prepubertal period.

In this study, finasteride-treated WAG/Rij rats showed a significant increase in spike-wave discharges when administered endogenous steroids THPROG and THDOC, indicating potential exacerbation of absence seizures.

This study found that Piper nigrum leaf extract showed in vivo anti-androgenic activity and potent 5α-reductase inhibitory effects, with piperine and (−)-cubebin identified as active components.

This study reports that oral spironolactone may be a useful and low-cost first-line treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa in women, with relatively few side effects.

This review discusses developments in testosterone therapy, including the shift towards transdermal therapies and long-acting injectables, but reports no new clinical findings; emerging therapies are in development.

In this randomized trial, bicalutamide was found to improve hair count and shaft diameter more than spironolactone in women with Female Pattern Hair Loss over 24 weeks, although no significant differences were observed in clinical endpoints between the two treatments.

This study evaluated novel steroid compounds for their ability to inhibit 5α-reductase, showing that compound 16a significantly reduced rat prostate weight more than epristeride and exhibited excellent in vitro inhibitory potency, indicating its potential as a lead candidate for further benign prostatic hyperplasia drug research.

This study reported that treatment with cyproterone acetate alone and then with incremental estrogen doses induced mild feminizing effects in late-pubertal trans-girls, with further feminization observed after adding estrogen.

This article discusses treatments for alopecia areata totalis and reports no new results from prednisolone local injections; previous therapies included cortisone, ultraviolet treatment, and others without success.

This study found that spironolactone, flutamide, and finasteride are similarly effective in reducing hair diameter and Ferriman-Gallwey scores in women with hirsutism over a 6-month treatment period.

In this study, GTx-027, a selective androgen receptor modulator, significantly inhibited tumor growth in certain breast cancer models and showed good tolerance in a Phase II trial with postmenopausal women.

This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses the potency grading of steroid skin creams and highlights that very potent or potent steroids (grades I and II) can cause significant side effects, especially in children.

This study found that megestrol acetate increases the proliferation, migration, and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells through glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation.

This study found that a 400-mg dose of oral testosterone with dutasteride increases serum testosterone levels for 8–10 hours in hypogonadal men, with the nanomilled formulation unaffected by food, suggesting a practical twice-daily therapy option.

This study found that A-ring reduced derivatives of norethisterone and levonorgestrel exhibit estrogen-like potency in rat osteoblasts, suggesting a mechanism for 19-norprogestins' bone restoration effects in postmenopausal women.

This review suggests that oocyte retrieval may be viable for transgender men on testosterone therapy, with potentially manageable effects on fertility preservation without requiring extensive hormone suspension.

This study reports the preparation of a key intermediate for finasteride and epristeride with a 69% overall yield from pregnenolone acetate.

This research review found that spironolactone can significantly improve acne severity more effectively than a placebo, with 73.3% of patients reporting satisfaction despite a 26.7% rate of adverse events among the 1,548 participants studied.

This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.

This study found that topical hair lotions with 17 alpha-estradiol may reduce telogen hair loss in patients with androgenetic alopecia, though they did not lead to new hair regrowth.

This study concluded that serum Adiol-G levels generally parallel testosterone levels and, therefore, do not effectively serve as a marker of peripheral androgen excess in women with androgenic symptoms.

In this study, Diane was reported to effectively treat acne, seborrhoea, androgenic alopecia, and mild hirsutism in hirsute women, with its effectiveness influenced by the severity and duration of the condition.

In this study, Quercetin-loaded black seed oil nanoemulsion effectively mitigated testosterone-induced testicular oxidative stress and inflammation in rats undergoing exercise and restraint stress, with improved antioxidant levels and reduced inflammatory markers compared to other treatment groups.

This study found that both spironolactone with Ovysmen and cyproterone acetate with ethinyloestradiol significantly reduced hair growth in hirsute women, with no difference in effect between treatments.