55 citations,
June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Minoxidil promotes hair growth by penetrating skin, with ethanol-containing formulas working best.
52 citations,
December 2000 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Scalp skin barrier affects hair loss; personalized treatments needed.
48 citations,
May 1991 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Trichohyalin is also found in the outer layers of normal human skin.
16 citations,
August 2014 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrate human skin more deeply than bare silica nanoparticles.
10 citations,
January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Ethanol pretreatment affects drug penetration through skin and hair follicles.
January 2024 in “RSC pharmaceutics” Removing the outer skin layer increases drug absorption and offers non-invasive treatment options, with some methods allowing for quick skin recovery.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” New method measures skin cell turnover quickly and effectively, showing turnover slows with age and responds more to treatments in older skin.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The keratin network in mouse skin changes during cornification and affects the skin's protective barrier.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.
264 citations,
January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
205 citations,
January 2005 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Liposomes and niosomes can help drugs penetrate the skin better.
159 citations,
July 2014 in “Molecular pharmaceutics” New micelle nanocarriers deliver Tacrolimus more effectively to skin layers for psoriasis treatment than the current Protopic ointment.
156 citations,
August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
151 citations,
November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
149 citations,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
122 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
94 citations,
September 2014 in “Therapeutic Delivery” Nanoparticles can improve skin treatments by better targeting hair follicles, but more research is needed for advancement.
94 citations,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
66 citations,
October 2002 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” A gene mutation in mice causes skin defects and early death.
66 citations,
February 2002 in “Veterinary dermatology” Malassezia in cat skin biopsies may indicate internal cancer.
64 citations,
October 2017 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Chitosan-coated nanoparticles can effectively deliver positively charged drugs through the skin using iontophoresis.
62 citations,
October 2013 in “Journal of Human Evolution/Journal of human evolution” Forensic DNA Phenotyping can help predict physical traits from crime scene DNA to identify suspects.
62 citations,
October 2010 in “Journal of biomedical nanotechnology” Nanoparticles can enter the skin, potentially causing toxicity, especially in damaged skin.
62 citations,
May 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Sebaceous glands in the skin play a key role in absorbing the antiandrogen drug RU 58841, especially when it's encapsulated in liposomes.
61 citations,
May 2016 in “Scientific reports” The peptide IMT-P8 can effectively deliver proteins into the skin and cells for potential skin treatments.
55 citations,
June 2013 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Ablative fractional resurfacing could improve how well topical drugs penetrate the skin, but more research is needed to fine-tune the method.
48 citations,
March 1997 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Some cats with sudden hair loss and tiredness might have cancer-related alopecia.
41 citations,
May 2018 in “Nutrition and healthy aging” Skin aging is largely due to differences in stiffness and elasticity between skin layers, leading to wrinkles.