July 2022 in “medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This review supports an autoimmune hypothesis for Satoyoshi syndrome, noting associations with autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases, and reports an observed improvement in most patients with corticosteroid or immunosuppressant treatments.
10 citations
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August 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that Hairless (HR) and putrescine form a negative regulatory network that impacts epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle cycling, linked to the MYC superfamily's regulation of ODC expression.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” This article reviews how SALT scores are used in clinical trials for alopecia areata and provides patient images to help clinicians understand and apply these scores in practice; it reports no new clinical results.
March 2026 in “Mendeley Data” This tool was developed to enhance reproducibility and sensitivity in measuring partial hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients, particularly those undergoing JAK inhibitor therapy, using scalp photographs.
March 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that GPT-4o demonstrated high concordance with in-person and image-based provider assessments in generating SALT scores for alopecia areata, suggesting its potential as an adjunct tool in clinical practice for automating these assessments.
13 citations
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October 2003 in “Clinical pediatrics” In this case report, a 14-year-old boy with Satoyoshi syndrome did not improve with intravenous immunoglobulin but responded dramatically to steroid treatment.
17 citations
,
July 2013 in “Amino Acids” This study found that elevated epidermal ODC activity in transgenic mice promotes skin tumor development by recruiting bulge stem cells, rather than through reactive oxygen species generation by polyamine catabolic oxidases.
18 citations
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February 2006 in “Brain & development” This case study reports successful treatment of a 19-year-old with Satoyoshi syndrome using a combination of carbamazepine, methotrexate, prednisolone, and sex-steroids, improving muscle spasms, alopecia, and quality of life.
March 2026 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This study observed that GPT-4o, a generative AI model, showed high concordance with human providers in automating image-based SALT scores for assessing alopecia areata, suggesting its potential in assisting clinical evaluations without additional training.
7 citations
,
January 2017 in “Neuromuscular Disorders” This report documents the first adult onset case of Satoyoshi syndrome in South America, highlighting possible improvement with immunosuppressive treatment using corticosteroids and azathioprine.
78 citations
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January 2013 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This review discusses various diseases associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, including obesity, arthritis, and pyoderma gangrenosum, but reports no new clinical results and calls for further research.
29 citations
,
April 2020 in “Biomolecules” This review discusses the potential biomedical and clinical applications of brassinosteroids, highlighting their observed antiviral, anticancerous, and other bioactivities in animal test systems, but reports no new findings.
1 citations
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May 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks” This chapter reviews the diverse and interrelated consequences of obesity on physical, metabolic, reproductive, psychosocial, and economic health without reporting any new clinical results.
August 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, Rahim et al. found that keratinocyte differentiation requires changes in polyamine ratios mediated by AMD1, suggesting that targeting polyamine availability could be useful for treating hyperproliferative skin disorders.
August 2023 in “Skin Research and Technology” This study found that using planimetric surface area measurement might be a useful supplementary method to improve the accuracy of SALT scoring in alopecia areata, particularly for scores S1 to S3.
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report describes a rare instance of Satoyoshi syndrome in a 27-year-old Asian American woman, notable for her normal ovarian function despite typical syndrome features.
March 2026 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study introduced and validated the VESALT, a visual extension of the Severity of Alopecia Tool, finding it offers improved reliability and user-friendliness over SALT by incorporating pattern recognition and broader coverage, including non-scalp regions, in assessing alopecia areata severity.
7 citations
,
March 2025 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study found that trichoscopy is essential for evaluating the severity of alopecia areata and predicting treatment responses, contributing to more personalized patient management.
May 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” This study found that three sessions of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF+) significantly improved hair follicle density, hair volume, and thickness, as well as patient satisfaction in women with female pattern hair loss, with only minor self-limited adverse effects reported.
12 citations
,
October 2001 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This case report describes a 9-year-old Thai girl with Satoyoshi syndrome, where oral corticosteroid therapy significantly improved her painful muscle spasms and alopecia.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this case study, the use of somatostatin analogues was effective in localizing and confirming a neuroendocrine lung tumor as the source of ectopic ACTH syndrome, leading to marked clinical improvement in a patient unable to undergo surgery.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” 20 citations
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June 2003 in “Neurology” This case report describes improvement in amenorrhea, alopecia, and muscle spasms in a 13-year-old girl with Satoyoshi syndrome following treatment with daily tacrolimus and alternate-day oral prednisolone.
8 citations
,
June 2019 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases” This review of 64 published cases of Satoyoshi syndrome from 1967 to 2018 reports that corticosteroids were the most widely used and effective treatment, improving symptoms in most cases, while muscle relaxants like dantrolene primarily benefited muscle symptoms without affecting other symptoms.
December 2010 in “OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)” In this study, total Sry transcript expression in various rat tissues was linked to Acsl3 expression, suggesting that Sry may play a role in regulating fatty acid metabolism.
20 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This article presents a computer imaging algorithm that may automate and enhance the Severity of Alopecia Tool scoring for alopecia areata through texture analysis of pediatric images.
March 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 6 citations
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May 2012 in “Pediatric Dermatology” This article shares a case of Satoyoshi syndrome that was misdiagnosed as vitamin D-dependent rickets for several years.
32 citations
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May 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that salivary testosterone concentrations correlated better with hirsutism in women compared to serum testosterone measures, suggesting it may be an effective method for assessing bioavailable testosterone.
May 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, researchers found potential evidence of inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT) in alopecia areata patients undergoing topical immunotherapy, which may suggest an essential role in treatment efficacy.