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Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS in teenagers is difficult and should focus on specific hormone levels and menstrual irregularities, while also considering treatment for symptoms and related health issues.

Chesapeake Bay retrievers' hair loss is likely a breed-specific, hereditary condition linked to abnormal steroid levels and distinct skin changes.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne, especially in women, by lowering androgen levels or blocking their effects.

Doctors should know how to diagnose and treat PCOS, which often involves checking for high male hormone levels and using medications to manage symptoms.

Aldactone was more effective in reducing hair growth in women with hirsutism than Diane, despite having less impact on hormone levels.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is crucial for conditions like male-pattern baldness and acne, and measuring a byproduct, androstanediol glucuronide, is a better way to assess DHT's effects than DHT blood levels.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Longer anogenital distance may indicate a higher chance of having polycystic ovary syndrome, and measuring this distance along with hormone levels could improve diagnosis.

Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.

Finasteride with oral contraceptive helps improve hair loss in premenopausal women.

Insulin-lowering medications show promise for PCOS symptoms but can't be the main treatment yet due to limited long-term research.

The document says PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, diagnosed by certain criteria, and managed with lifestyle changes and various medications.

Clomiphene citrate improves fertility in men taking finasteride for hair loss.

A woman's severe hirsutism was caused by Leydig cell tumors in her ovaries, which improved after surgery.

Flutamide may slightly improve hair loss in women, but finasteride does not work.

Baldness caused by male hormones in female-to-male transsexuals doesn't increase the risk of heart disease.

Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Melatonin may help treat PCOS symptoms in rats.

Shorter CAG repeats in a specific gene may increase male hormone activity and symptoms like acne and excess hair in women with PCOS.

Prolactin may affect hair growth differently based on gender and scalp area.

Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.

Larger ovarian size is linked to higher insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

The method accurately measures 19 steroid hormones in human blood and urine using a small sample and is suitable for large-scale monitoring.

Effective treatments for excessive hair growth in women include creams, laser therapy, and medications, with the choice depending on individual needs and potential side effects.

Estradiol may protect ear cells from hearing loss caused by a chemotherapy drug by activating a protective pathway.

The method detected sex hormones in some health supplements, with one containing banned testosterone.