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The reconstructed skin model from hair follicles functions like human skin in processing chemicals and can be used to test ingredient safety.

The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

Hair health depends on various factors and hair loss can significantly affect a person's well-being; understanding hair biology is key for creating effective hair care treatments.

Keratose, derived from human hair, is a non-toxic biomaterial good for tissue regeneration and integrates well with body tissues.

Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.

Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.

The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

Using CRISPR for gene editing in the body is promising but needs better delivery methods to be more efficient and specific.

Human head hair proteins can be typed into eight distinct patterns, useful for genetic and forensic investigations.

No CD44 in alopecia areata, present in normal and androgenetic alopecia.

Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that must be used carefully to avoid serious side effects.

The cornified envelope is crucial for skin's barrier function and involves key proteins and genetic factors.

Some supplements may help with hair loss, but there's not enough strong evidence to recommend them without doctor advice.

Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.

Hair straightening changes hair structure and can cause damage if done wrong, but improvements in the methods are expected to continue.

Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.

Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.

Artemis dysfunction might cause hair loss through telomere shortening.

African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.

Niosomes are a promising, stable, and cost-effective drug delivery system with potential for improved targeting and safety.

Cancer treatments targeting specific cells and the immune system can cause skin, mouth, hair, and nail problems, affecting patients' quality of life and treatment adherence.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Finasteride and minoxidil are effective for hair regrowth, while treatments for alopecia areata have varying success and continuous treatment is necessary.

MIM is crucial for hair follicle formation and regeneration by controlling cilia formation and hedgehog signaling through its interaction with Cortactin and Src.

Obesity increases the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, and weight loss can improve the condition.

Antioxidants can benefit skin health but should be used carefully to avoid negative effects.