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5-alpha reductase inhibitors can cause sexual, neurologic, endocrine, and cardiovascular side effects, but these are rare and usually stop after ending treatment.

Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

Flutamide and a new synthetic steroid affected brain and prostate chemicals and showed potential for treating androgen-related conditions and epilepsy.

Tadalafil is effective for treating urinary symptoms in men with BPH.

Printing human stem cells and a special matrix during surgery can help grow new skin and hair-like structures in rats.

Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.

Metreleptin treatment significantly improved metabolic health in a boy with congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.

Educating healthcare workers and parents about hair toe tourniquets can help prevent serious complications.

Most drugs fail to reach the market, but understanding their properties and using strategies like early toxicity tests and drug repurposing can help advance their development.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.

Some drugs have gained approval for new uses, while others like tricyclic antidepressants and aspirin show promise but aren't yet approved for these uses.

Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.

Any drug can cause skin reactions, but antibiotics, NSAIDs, and psychotropic drugs are more common, with some reactions being life-threatening.

A 25-year-old Malay fireman had skin bumps on his neck that were removed successfully after other treatments failed.

Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.

Finasteride treats hair loss but may cause low libido, erectile issues, and depression.

Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.

A young man with high-grade prostate cancer had successful surgery and good recovery, highlighting the need for awareness in younger men.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

The patient has a rare skin condition that shows features of two known disorders.

Invasomes loaded with clotrimazole gel could improve drug delivery through the skin for fungal treatment.

Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.

A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.

Longer anogenital distance may indicate a higher chance of having polycystic ovary syndrome, and measuring this distance along with hormone levels could improve diagnosis.

PlacMA hydrogels from human placenta are versatile and useful for cell culture and tissue engineering.

The document is a detailed medical reference on skin and genetic disorders.

The junction of the inner and outer prepuce with good blood flow is best for vascular pedicle flaps.

Removing a testicular tumor in a dog reduced its aggressive behavior and skin problems.